Reduced virulence of a Junin virus mutant is associated with restricted multiplication in murine cells.

C167, a mutant derived from the XJC13 strain of Junin virus, is highly attenuated in its pathogenic properties for newborn mice. Whereas 10(2).PFU of XJC13 injected intracerebrally killed 100% of two-day-old mice, the mutant showed no detectable lethality. Survival of mice infected with C167 was associated with a reduced and delayed virus replication in brain and a defective spread of virus from the site of inoculation to the other tissues, including spleen, kidney, thymus, liver, peritoneal cells and serum. As an apparent consequence of the restricted replication of C167 in mice, no detectable interferon induction and low levels of neutralizing antibodies were observed. Analysis of multiplication kinetics of C167 and XJC13 in different cell cultures in vitro has confirmed that the attenuated phenotype of C167 was related to a specific inefficient replication in murine cells. This host-range restriction was due to a combination of adsorption and penetration blockage.