M Lucovnik1, N Tul1, I Verdenik1, I Blickstein2. 1. Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, affiliated with the Hadassah-Hebrew University school of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between first-trimester bleeding and perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Registry-based survey of the period 2002 through 2010. Pregnancies with versus without first-trimester bleeding were compared using Student's t- and χ(2)-test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders. RESULT: 9924 singleton and 275 twin pregnancies with first-trimester bleeding, and 160 099 singleton and 2710 twin pregnancies without bleeding were included. Bleeding increased the risk of preterm birth in singletons (odds ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.38-1.60). Risks were also increased for preterm premature rupture of membranes, abruption, previa, stillbirth and congenital anomalies, with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. The differences remained significant after adjustment for confounders. In twin pregnancies, bleeding was not significantly associated with prematurity (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.34), nor with other outcomes. CONCLUSION: In singletons, but not in twins, the risk of perinatal complications is significantly increased after first-trimester bleeding.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between first-trimester bleeding and perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Registry-based survey of the period 2002 through 2010. Pregnancies with versus without first-trimester bleeding were compared using Student's t- and χ(2)-test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders. RESULT: 9924 singleton and 275 twin pregnancies with first-trimester bleeding, and 160 099 singleton and 2710 twin pregnancies without bleeding were included. Bleeding increased the risk of preterm birth in singletons (odds ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.38-1.60). Risks were also increased for preterm premature rupture of membranes, abruption, previa, stillbirth and congenital anomalies, with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. The differences remained significant after adjustment for confounders. In twin pregnancies, bleeding was not significantly associated with prematurity (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.34), nor with other outcomes. CONCLUSION: In singletons, but not in twins, the risk of perinatal complications is significantly increased after first-trimester bleeding.
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