OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the relationship of an ADHD diagnosis by adolescence to nonprescription stimulant use in adulthood is direct or indirect, via Conduct Disorder (CD) and/or Substance Use Disorder (SUD). METHOD: Data were obtained from multiple waves of interviews and questionnaires completed by 551 community-based participants when they were between the mean ages of 14.1 and 36.6 years. RESULTS: The results of the structural equation model (SEM) supported both a direct association between early ADHD and later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .18, z = 2.74) and the relationship from ADHD to later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .01, z = 1.72) via CD and SUD. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal data supporting these paths suggest that efforts to prevent and treat the misuse of nonprescription stimulants may be more effective if attention is paid to those with a history of ADHD, as well as to those who also had CD and SUD.
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the relationship of an ADHD diagnosis by adolescence to nonprescription stimulant use in adulthood is direct or indirect, via Conduct Disorder (CD) and/or Substance Use Disorder (SUD). METHOD: Data were obtained from multiple waves of interviews and questionnaires completed by 551 community-based participants when they were between the mean ages of 14.1 and 36.6 years. RESULTS: The results of the structural equation model (SEM) supported both a direct association between early ADHD and later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .18, z = 2.74) and the relationship from ADHD to later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .01, z = 1.72) via CD and SUD. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal data supporting these paths suggest that efforts to prevent and treat the misuse of nonprescription stimulants may be more effective if attention is paid to those with a history of ADHD, as well as to those who also had CD and SUD.
Authors: Brooke S G Molina; Stephen P Hinshaw; L Eugene Arnold; James M Swanson; William E Pelham; Lily Hechtman; Betsy Hoza; Jeffery N Epstein; Timothy Wigal; Howard B Abikoff; Laurence L Greenhill; Peter S Jensen; Karen C Wells; Benedetto Vitiello; Robert D Gibbons; Andrea Howard; Patricia R Houck; Kwan Hur; Bo Lu; Sue Marcus Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2013-02-08 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Nora D Volkow; Gene-Jack Wang; Scott H Kollins; Tim L Wigal; Jeffrey H Newcorn; Frank Telang; Joanna S Fowler; Wei Zhu; Jean Logan; Yeming Ma; Kith Pradhan; Christopher Wong; James M Swanson Journal: JAMA Date: 2009-09-09 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Mauricio Arcos-Burgos; Jorge I Vélez; Ariel F Martinez; Marta Ribasés; Josep A Ramos-Quiroga; Cristina Sánchez-Mora; Vanesa Richarte; Carlos Roncero; Bru Cormand; Noelia Fernández-Castillo; Miguel Casas; Francisco Lopera; David A Pineda; Juan D Palacio; Johan E Acosta-López; Martha L Cervantes-Henriquez; Manuel G Sánchez-Rojas; Pedro J Puentes-Rozo; Brooke S G Molina; Margaret T Boden; Deeann Wallis; Brett Lidbury; Saul Newman; Simon Easteal; James Swanson; Hardip Patel; Nora Volkow; Maria T Acosta; Francisco X Castellanos; Jose de Leon; Claudio A Mastronardi; Maximilian Muenke Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 6.222