Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa1, Alan Kluger2, James Schmeidler3, Kevin Sailor4, Humberto Lizardi4, James Golomb5, Steven Ferris5, Barry Reisberg5. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA elizabeth.guerrero-berroa@mssm.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, Lehman College/City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Alzheimer's Disease Center, Comprehensive Center on Brain Aging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 4. Department of Psychology, Lehman College/City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. 5. Alzheimer's Disease Center, Comprehensive Center on Brain Aging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological and depression measures have been found to predict cognitive functioning. We compared these associations among whites and Spanish-speaking Hispanics. METHODS: Fifty-two pairs of whites and Hispanics were matched demographically and clinically in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) rating by baseline neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms. RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests predicted GDS better in whites; depression symptoms--specifically retardation--predicted well in Hispanics but not whites. Immediate recall of the New York University (NYU)-Paragraph Test and the Retardation item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were associated with GDS in Hispanics and delayed recall of the NYU-Paragraph Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Digit Symbol in whites. Neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms predicted GDS differently in Hispanics and whites. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that other measures should be considered to increase the predictive accuracy of neuropsychological tests when assessing cognitive status in Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Additional studies of specific ethnic/racial and sociodemographic subgroups are warranted.
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological and depression measures have been found to predict cognitive functioning. We compared these associations among whites and Spanish-speaking Hispanics. METHODS: Fifty-two pairs of whites and Hispanics were matched demographically and clinically in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) rating by baseline neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms. RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests predicted GDS better in whites; depression symptoms--specifically retardation--predicted well in Hispanics but not whites. Immediate recall of the New York University (NYU)-Paragraph Test and the Retardation item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were associated with GDS in Hispanics and delayed recall of the NYU-Paragraph Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Digit Symbol in whites. Neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms predicted GDS differently in Hispanics and whites. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that other measures should be considered to increase the predictive accuracy of neuropsychological tests when assessing cognitive status in Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Additional studies of specific ethnic/racial and sociodemographic subgroups are warranted.
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