Anne E P Frosch1, Miriam K Laufer2, Don P Mathanga3, Shannon Takala-Harrison2, Jacek Skarbinski4, Cassidy W Claassen2, Fraction K Dzinjalamala5, Christopher V Plowe2. 1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. 3. Malaria Alert Center. 4. Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 5. Department of Pharmacology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum to the limited area of Blantyre, Malawi, has been well demonstrated in several studies. METHODS: To characterize chloroquine susceptibility over a wide geographic area, infants and children aged 6-59 months were selected using 2-stage cluster sampling in 8 Malawian districts. Pyrosequencing of the pfcrt gene codon 76 region was performed for children with asexual parasitemia. RESULTS: Of 7145 children, 1150 had microscopic asexual parasitemia, and sequencing was performed in 685, of whom 1 had a chloroquine-resistant genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic countrywide sampling demonstrates that the chloroquine pfcrt genotype has reached near-fixation, raising the possibility of reintroducing chloroquine for malaria prevention and treatment.
BACKGROUND: The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum to the limited area of Blantyre, Malawi, has been well demonstrated in several studies. METHODS: To characterize chloroquine susceptibility over a wide geographic area, infants and children aged 6-59 months were selected using 2-stage cluster sampling in 8 Malawian districts. Pyrosequencing of the pfcrt gene codon 76 region was performed for children with asexual parasitemia. RESULTS: Of 7145 children, 1150 had microscopic asexual parasitemia, and sequencing was performed in 685, of whom 1 had a chloroquine-resistant genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic countrywide sampling demonstrates that the chloroquine pfcrt genotype has reached near-fixation, raising the possibility of reintroducing chloroquine for malaria prevention and treatment.
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