Palliative irradiation of bone metastases.

Painful bone metastases is a common feature in patients with advanced cancer. The application of radiotherapy is often used as palliative treatment. A review of available data from the literature reveals that irrespective of the primary diagnosis palliation is achieved in 70-100% of cases. The biological basis of pain and the effects of radiotherapy is discussed. Treatment schedules for patients with single-bone lesions are reviewed. It is concluded that single-shot treatment in doses ranging from 5 to 8 Gy is as effective as multi-fractionated treatment. In addition, the possible role of radiotherapy in relation to patients with multiple lesions, and the use of combined surgery and radiotherapy in patients with impending and manifest fractures are discussed. It is concluded that the literature does not allow a definitive conclusion concerning an optimal use of radiotherapy.