Literature DB >> 24674576

The progression of myopia from its onset at age 8-12 to adulthood and the influence of heredity and external factors on myopic progression. A 23-year follow-up study.

Olavi Pärssinen1, Markku Kauppinen, Anne Viljanen.   

Abstract

PURPOSE: To examine myopic progression and factors connected with myopic progression.
METHODS: Myopic schoolchildren, with no previous spectacles, 119 boys and 121 girls, were recruited during 1983-1984 to a randomized 3-year clinical trial of bifocal treatment of myopia with a subsequent 20-year follow-up. Participants' mean age at Baseline was 10.9, ranging from 8.7 to 12.8 years. An ophthalmological examination was carried out annually for 3 years and twice thereafter at ca. 10-year intervals. Additional refraction values were received from prescriptions issued by different ophthalmologists and opticians. Altogether, 1915 refraction values were available. Reading distance and accommodation were measured at each control visit. Data on parents' myopia, daily time spent on reading and close work, outdoor activities and watching television were gathered with a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS: Using bifocals (+1.75 add) or reading without glasses or accommodation stimulus during the 3-year period in childhood did not correlate with adulthood refraction. Short reading distance in childhood predicted higher adulthood myopia among females. The factors predicting faster myopic progression were parents' myopia and less time spent on sports and outdoor activities at childhood. Time spent on reading and close work in childhood was related to myopic progression during the first 3 years but did not predict adulthood myopia. Myopia throughout follow-up was higher among those who watched television <3 hr daily than those who spent more time watching television. Mean myopic progression 8 years after age 20-24 was -0.45 D ± 0.71 (SD), and in 45% of cases, progression was ≥0.5 D.
CONCLUSIONS: In nearly half of the cases, myopia beginning at school continued to progress into adulthood. Higher adulthood myopia was mainly related to parents' myopia and less time spent on sports and outdoor activities in childhood.
© 2014 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Entities:  

Keywords:  TV; aetiology; follow-up; myopia; outdoors; prevalence; progression; reading

Mesh:

Year:  2014        PMID: 24674576     DOI: 10.1111/aos.12387

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Ophthalmol        ISSN: 1755-375X            Impact factor:   3.761


  27 in total

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5.  Reduction of Myopic Progression Using a Multifocal Soft Contact Lens: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

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7.  Association of Parental Myopia With Higher Risk of Myopia Among Multiethnic Children Before School Age.

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8.  The diluted atropine for inhibition of myopia progression in Korean children.

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9.  Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.

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