Treatment of primary liver cancer in Singapore. A review of 3200 cases seen between January 1, 1977, and July 31, 1987.

Between January 1977 and July 1987, 3200 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied in Singapore. HCC formed 90% of primary liver cancers seen in Singapore and is the second most common fatal malignancy seen in men in the country. Extensive clinical and basic research has defined certain treatment strategies. Of importance is the prompt detection of early nodular tumours, which can be resected. Resection, 'targetting' with anticancer drugs and, in selected cases, synchronised direct hepatic irradiation with adriamycin, used as a radiosensitiser, have been promising treatment methods. Biological modifiers, such as interferons and interleukins, offer potential for the future. Preliminary pilot studies suggest that interferons may prevent the development of HCC, but more studies are required. Similarly, selective localisation of anticancer agents with radio-isotopical agents opens opportunities for treatment.