S Marlene Grenon1, Beth E Cohen2, Kim Smolderen3, Eric Vittinghoff4, Mary A Whooley5, Jade Hiramoto6. 1. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif. Electronic address: marlene.grenon@ucsfmedctr.org. 2. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif. 3. Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Mo. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. 5. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. 6. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in women, risk factors for PAD in women are not well understood. METHODS: Gender-specific risk factors for PAD were examined in a prospective cohort study of 1024 patients (184 women and 840 men) with stable coronary artery disease who were recruited between 2000 and 2002. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between traditional and nontraditional risk factors and PAD in men and women. RESULTS: PAD was found in 11% of women and in 13% of men. Women with PAD had a similar prevalence of traditional risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking) compared with women without PAD and were significantly more likely to suffer from depression than women without PAD. Men with PAD were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a history of smoking, a worse lipid profile, and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers than men without PAD. A multivariate model showed depression was the strongest independent factor associated with PAD in women, whereas smoking and elevated fibrinogen were independently associated with PAD in men. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest there are gender differences in risk factors for the development of PAD. Further research is needed to understand the role of depression in PAD. Published by Mosby, Inc.
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in women, risk factors for PAD in women are not well understood. METHODS: Gender-specific risk factors for PAD were examined in a prospective cohort study of 1024 patients (184 women and 840 men) with stable coronary artery disease who were recruited between 2000 and 2002. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between traditional and nontraditional risk factors and PAD in men and women. RESULTS: PAD was found in 11% of women and in 13% of men. Women with PAD had a similar prevalence of traditional risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking) compared with women without PAD and were significantly more likely to suffer from depression than women without PAD. Men with PAD were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a history of smoking, a worse lipid profile, and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers than men without PAD. A multivariate model showed depression was the strongest independent factor associated with PAD in women, whereas smoking and elevated fibrinogen were independently associated with PAD in men. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest there are gender differences in risk factors for the development of PAD. Further research is needed to understand the role of depression in PAD. Published by Mosby, Inc.
Authors: Alan T Hirsch; Matthew A Allison; Antoinette S Gomes; Matthew A Corriere; Sue Duval; Abby G Ershow; William R Hiatt; Richard H Karas; Marge B Lovell; Mary M McDermott; Donna M Mendes; Nancy A Nussmeier; Diane Treat-Jacobson Journal: Circulation Date: 2012-02-15 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: M M Weissman; R C Bland; G J Canino; C Faravelli; S Greenwald; H G Hwu; P R Joyce; E G Karam; C K Lee; J Lellouch; J P Lépine; S C Newman; M Rubio-Stipec; J E Wells; P J Wickramaratne; H Wittchen; E K Yeh Journal: JAMA Date: 1996 Jul 24-31 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Kim G Smolderen; John A Spertus; Patrick W Vriens; Steef Kranendonk; Maria Nooren; Johan Denollet Journal: J Vasc Surg Date: 2010-06-23 Impact factor: 4.268
Authors: Zhi-Jie Zheng; Wayne D Rosamond; Lloyd E Chambless; F Javier Nieto; Ralph W Barnes; Richard G Hutchinson; Herman A Tyroler; Gerardo Heiss Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2005-12 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Victor Aboyans; Robyn L McClelland; Matthew A Allison; Mary McGrae McDermott; Roger S Blumenthal; Katarzyna Macura; Michael H Criqui Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2010-10-21 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Niveditta Ramkumar; Bjoern D Suckow; Jeremiah R Brown; Art Sedrakyan; Jack L Cronenwett; Philip P Goodney Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Interv Date: 2018-01 Impact factor: 6.546
Authors: Mardge H Cohen; Anna L Hotton; Ronald C Hershow; Alexandra Levine; Peter Bacchetti; Elizabeth T Golub; Kathryn Anastos; Mary Young; Deborah Gustafson; Kathleen M Weber Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2015-12-15 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Luciana Ragazzo; Pedro Puech-Leao; Nelson Wolosker; Nelson de Luccia; Glauco Saes; Raphael M Ritti-Dias; Gabriel Grizzo Cucato; Debora Yumi Ferreira Kamikava; Antonio Eduardo Zerati Journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) Date: 2021-01-20 Impact factor: 2.365