Xiangfei Meng1, Carl D'Arcy2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0W8. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0W8; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0W8.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence. This study estimated the effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence. METHODS: Data analyzed were from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) - a longitudinal population-based cohort study. The study followed-up a national cohort sample over a 16-year period from 1994 to 2010. Multivariate modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence rate of depression during the 16-year follow-up was 12.07%. Being younger adult, female, Caucasian, poor, occasional/abstainer/former drinker, regular smoker, and having chronic disease were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing depression. About 40% of depression incidence (850,000 cases) was potentially attributable to modifiable risk factors (poor income, smoking, and having a chronic disease). A 10% reduction in the prevalence of these modifiable risk factors could potentially prevent about 165,000 cases of depression. LIMITATIONS: The calculation of PAFs assumes that there is a causal relationship between a risk factor and depression. However, major depression has multiple causes. The potential effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence may vary by the profile of risk factors assessed in a particular study. Several potentially important risk factors were not included in this study. CONCLUSION: Public health campaigns targeted at significant modifiable risk factors could have a profound effect on future depression incidence. Prevention trials are needed to directly evaluate the effect of single and/or multiple risk factors modification on depression incidence.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence. This study estimated the effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence. METHODS: Data analyzed were from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) - a longitudinal population-based cohort study. The study followed-up a national cohort sample over a 16-year period from 1994 to 2010. Multivariate modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence rate of depression during the 16-year follow-up was 12.07%. Being younger adult, female, Caucasian, poor, occasional/abstainer/former drinker, regular smoker, and having chronic disease were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing depression. About 40% of depression incidence (850,000 cases) was potentially attributable to modifiable risk factors (poor income, smoking, and having a chronic disease). A 10% reduction in the prevalence of these modifiable risk factors could potentially prevent about 165,000 cases of depression. LIMITATIONS: The calculation of PAFs assumes that there is a causal relationship between a risk factor and depression. However, major depression has multiple causes. The potential effect of risk factor modification on depression incidence may vary by the profile of risk factors assessed in a particular study. Several potentially important risk factors were not included in this study. CONCLUSION: Public health campaigns targeted at significant modifiable risk factors could have a profound effect on future depression incidence. Prevention trials are needed to directly evaluate the effect of single and/or multiple risk factors modification on depression incidence.
Authors: Renata da Conceição Silva Chaves; Odaleia Barbosa Aguiar; Arlinda B Moreno; André R Brunoni; Maria Del Carmem B Molina; Maria Carmen Viana; Isabela Bensoñor; Rosane H Griep; Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-08-07 Impact factor: 6.706