AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the medical literature regarding NRH in patients with HIV. Inclusion criteria include reports with biopsy proven NRH. We studied the clinical features of NRH, in particular, related to its presenting manifestation and laboratory values. Combinations of the following keywords were implemented: "nodular regenerative hyperplasia", "human immunodeficiency virus", "noncirrhotic portal hypertension", "idiopathic portal hypertension", "cryptogenic liver disease", "highly active antiretroviral therapy" and "didanosine". The bibliographies of these studies were subsequently searched for any additional relevant publications. RESULTS: The clinical presentation of patients with NRH varies from patients being completely asymptomatic to the development of portal hypertension - namely esophageal variceal bleeding and ascites. Liver associated enzymes are generally normal and synthetic function well preserved. There is a strong association between the occurrence of NRH and the use of antiviral therapies such as didanosine. The management of NRH revolves around treating the manifestations of portal hypertension. The prognosis of NRH is generally good since liver function is preserved. A high index of suspicion is required to make a identify NRH. CONCLUSION: The appropriate management of HIV-infected persons with suspected NRH is yet to be outlined. However, NRH is a clinically subtle condition that is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to be able to manage it according to the best available evidence.
AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the medical literature regarding NRH in patients with HIV. Inclusion criteria include reports with biopsy proven NRH. We studied the clinical features of NRH, in particular, related to its presenting manifestation and laboratory values. Combinations of the following keywords were implemented: "nodular regenerative hyperplasia", "human immunodeficiency virus", "noncirrhotic portal hypertension", "idiopathic portal hypertension", "cryptogenic liver disease", "highly active antiretroviral therapy" and "didanosine". The bibliographies of these studies were subsequently searched for any additional relevant publications. RESULTS: The clinical presentation of patients with NRH varies from patients being completely asymptomatic to the development of portal hypertension - namely esophageal variceal bleeding and ascites. Liver associated enzymes are generally normal and synthetic function well preserved. There is a strong association between the occurrence of NRH and the use of antiviral therapies such as didanosine. The management of NRH revolves around treating the manifestations of portal hypertension. The prognosis of NRH is generally good since liver function is preserved. A high index of suspicion is required to make a identify NRH. CONCLUSION: The appropriate management of HIV-infectedpersons with suspected NRH is yet to be outlined. However, NRH is a clinically subtle condition that is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to be able to manage it according to the best available evidence.
Authors: Belinda D Jackson; Joseph S Doyle; Jennifer F Hoy; Stuart K Roberts; John Colman; Margaret E Hellard; Joseph J Sasadeusz; David M Iser Journal: J Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2012-09 Impact factor: 4.029
Authors: Berrie Meijer; Melek Simsek; Hans Blokzijl; Robert A de Man; Minneke J Coenraad; Gerard Dijkstra; Carin Mj van Nieuwkerk; Chris Jj Mulder; Nanne Kh de Boer Journal: United European Gastroenterol J Date: 2016-11-16 Impact factor: 4.623
Authors: Sarah Logan; Alison Rodger; Laura Maynard-Smith; James O'Beirne; Thomas Fernandez; Filippo Ferro; Colette Smith; Sanjay Bhagani Journal: World J Hepatol Date: 2016-12-28