Shu Min Tang1, Shi Song Rong, Alvin L Young, Pancy O S Tam, Chi Pui Pang, Li Jia Chen. 1. *MBBS †MMed ‡MMedSc §MPhil ∥DPhil **PhD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SMT, SSR, ALY, POST, CPP, LJC); and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (ALY, CPP, LJC).
Abstract
PURPOSE: The PAX6 gene is among the most studied genes in high myopia, but reported findings of association studies on PAX6 and high myopia are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of PAX6 polymorphisms and high myopia. METHODS: All case-control association studies on PAX6 and high myopia reported in EMBASE and MEDLINE were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been involved in at least two studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: There were totally 63 publications on PAX6 and myopia. Among them, six articles met all the inclusion criteria, involving 3626 patients and 3262 controls of Asian ancestry. Five PAX6 SNPs, rs3026354, rs667773, rs2071754, rs644242, and rs3026393, were meta-analyzed in high myopia and two, rs667773 and rs644242, in extreme myopia. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs644242 was associated with high myopia in the dominant model (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.99; p = 0.035) and heterozygous model (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97; p = 0.019) and with extreme myopia in the dominant model (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.95; p = 0.015), allelic model (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96; p = 0.014), and heterozygous model (OR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; p = 0.024). However, the associations cannot withstand Bonferroni correction (p > 0.005). The other four SNPs did not show significant association with high myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Meta-analysis of existing data revealed a suggestive association of PAX6 rs644242 with extreme and high myopia, which awaits validation in further studies. Nevertheless, PAX6 may only confer a small effect to myopia development.
PURPOSE: The PAX6 gene is among the most studied genes in high myopia, but reported findings of association studies on PAX6 and high myopia are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of PAX6 polymorphisms and high myopia. METHODS: All case-control association studies on PAX6 and high myopia reported in EMBASE and MEDLINE were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been involved in at least two studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: There were totally 63 publications on PAX6 and myopia. Among them, six articles met all the inclusion criteria, involving 3626 patients and 3262 controls of Asian ancestry. Five PAX6 SNPs, rs3026354, rs667773, rs2071754, rs644242, and rs3026393, were meta-analyzed in high myopia and two, rs667773 and rs644242, in extreme myopia. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs644242 was associated with high myopia in the dominant model (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.99; p = 0.035) and heterozygous model (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97; p = 0.019) and with extreme myopia in the dominant model (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.95; p = 0.015), allelic model (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96; p = 0.014), and heterozygous model (OR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; p = 0.024). However, the associations cannot withstand Bonferroni correction (p > 0.005). The other four SNPs did not show significant association with high myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Meta-analysis of existing data revealed a suggestive association of PAX6rs644242 with extreme and high myopia, which awaits validation in further studies. Nevertheless, PAX6 may only confer a small effect to myopia development.
Authors: David Troilo; Earl L Smith; Debora L Nickla; Regan Ashby; Andrei V Tkatchenko; Lisa A Ostrin; Timothy J Gawne; Machelle T Pardue; Jody A Summers; Chea-Su Kee; Falk Schroedl; Siegfried Wahl; Lyndon Jones Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Milly S Tedja; Annechien E G Haarman; Magda A Meester-Smoor; Jaakko Kaprio; David A Mackey; Jeremy A Guggenheim; Christopher J Hammond; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Caroline C W Klaver Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Emmanuelle Souzeau; Adam K Rudkin; Andrew Dubowsky; Robert J Casson; James S Muecke; Erica Mancel; Mark Whiting; Richard A D Mills; Kathryn P Burdon; Jamie E Craig Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2018-03-28 Impact factor: 2.367
Authors: Claire L Simpson; Anthony M Musolf; Qing Li; Laura Portas; Federico Murgia; Roberto Y Cordero; Jennifer B Cordero; Bilal A Moiz; Emily R Holzinger; Candace D Middlebrooks; Deyana D Lewis; Joan E Bailey-Wilson; Dwight Stambolian Journal: BMC Med Genet Date: 2019-01-31 Impact factor: 2.103