Alka M Kanaya1, Namratha R Kandula2, Susan K Ewing3, David Herrington4, Kiang Liu2, Michael J Blaha5, Shweta Srivastava3, Swapna S Dave2, Matthew J Budoff6. 1. University of California, San Francisco, United States. Electronic address: alka.kanaya@ucsf.edu. 2. Northwestern University, United States. 3. University of California, San Francisco, United States. 4. Wake Forest University Medical Center, United States. 5. Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, United States. 6. Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: South Asians (individuals from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) have high rates of cardiovascular disease which cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. Few studies have examined coronary artery calcium (CAC) in South Asians. METHODS: We created a community-based cohort of South Asians in the United States and compared the prevalence and distribution of CAC to four racial/ethnic groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We compared 803 asymptomatic South Asians free of cardiovascular disease to the four MESA racial/ethnic groups (2622 Whites, 1893 African Americans, 1496 Latinos and 803 Chinese Americans). RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of any CAC was similar between White and South Asian men, but was lower in South Asian women compared to White women. After adjusting for all covariates associated with CAC, South Asian men were similar to White men and had higher CAC scores compared to African Americans, Latinos and Chinese Americans. In fully adjusted models, CAC scores were similar for South Asian women compared to all women enrolled in MESA. However, South Asian women ≥70 years had a higher prevalence of any CAC than most other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian men have similarly high CAC burden as White men, but higher CAC than other racial/ethnic groups. South Asian women appear to have similar CAC burden compared to other women, but have somewhat higher CAC burden in older age. The high burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in South Asians may partly explain higher rates of cardiovascular disease in South Asians.
OBJECTIVES: South Asians (individuals from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) have high rates of cardiovascular disease which cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. Few studies have examined coronary artery calcium (CAC) in South Asians. METHODS: We created a community-based cohort of South Asians in the United States and compared the prevalence and distribution of CAC to four racial/ethnic groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We compared 803 asymptomatic South Asians free of cardiovascular disease to the four MESA racial/ethnic groups (2622 Whites, 1893 African Americans, 1496 Latinos and 803 Chinese Americans). RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of any CAC was similar between White and South Asian men, but was lower in South Asian women compared to White women. After adjusting for all covariates associated with CAC, South Asian men were similar to White men and had higher CAC scores compared to African Americans, Latinos and Chinese Americans. In fully adjusted models, CAC scores were similar for South Asian women compared to all women enrolled in MESA. However, South Asian women ≥70 years had a higher prevalence of any CAC than most other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian men have similarly high CAC burden as White men, but higher CAC than other racial/ethnic groups. South Asian women appear to have similar CAC burden compared to other women, but have somewhat higher CAC burden in older age. The high burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in South Asians may partly explain higher rates of cardiovascular disease in South Asians.
Authors: Diane E Bild; David A Bluemke; Gregory L Burke; Robert Detrano; Ana V Diez Roux; Aaron R Folsom; Philip Greenland; David R Jacob; Richard Kronmal; Kiang Liu; Jennifer Clark Nelson; Daniel O'Leary; Mohammed F Saad; Steven Shea; Moyses Szklo; Russell P Tracy Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2002-11-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Anurag Mehta; Jaideep Patel; Mahmoud Al Rifai; Colby R Ayers; Ian J Neeland; Alka M Kanaya; Namratha Kandula; Michael J Blaha; Khurram Nasir; Roger S Blumenthal; Parag H Joshi Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2018-01-31 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Emelia J Benjamin; Michael J Blaha; Stephanie E Chiuve; Mary Cushman; Sandeep R Das; Rajat Deo; Sarah D de Ferranti; James Floyd; Myriam Fornage; Cathleen Gillespie; Carmen R Isasi; Monik C Jiménez; Lori Chaffin Jordan; Suzanne E Judd; Daniel Lackland; Judith H Lichtman; Lynda Lisabeth; Simin Liu; Chris T Longenecker; Rachel H Mackey; Kunihiro Matsushita; Dariush Mozaffarian; Michael E Mussolino; Khurram Nasir; Robert W Neumar; Latha Palaniappan; Dilip K Pandey; Ravi R Thiagarajan; Mathew J Reeves; Matthew Ritchey; Carlos J Rodriguez; Gregory A Roth; Wayne D Rosamond; Comilla Sasson; Amytis Towfighi; Connie W Tsao; Melanie B Turner; Salim S Virani; Jenifer H Voeks; Joshua Z Willey; John T Wilkins; Jason Hy Wu; Heather M Alger; Sally S Wong; Paul Muntner Journal: Circulation Date: 2017-01-25 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Meghana D Gadgil; Christopher B Newgard; James R Bain; Michael J Muehlbauer; Olga R Ilkayeva; Denise M Scholtens; Frank B Hu; Alka M Kanaya; Namratha R Kandula Journal: J Nutr Date: 2018-07-01 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Mahmoud Al Rifai; Miguel Cainzos-Achirica; Alka M Kanaya; Namratha R Kandula; Zeina Dardardi; Parag H Joshi; Jaideep Patel; Matthew Budoff; Joseph Yeboah; Eliseo Guallar; Roger S Blumenthal; Michael J Blaha Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2018-09-15 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Olusola A Orimoloye; Sandeep Banga; Zeina A Dardari; S M Iftekhar Uddin; Matthew J Budoff; Daniel S Berman; Alan Rozanski; Leslee J Shaw; John A Rumberger; Khurram Nasir; Michael D Miedema; Roger S Blumenthal; Michael J Blaha; Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk Journal: Coron Artery Dis Date: 2019-12 Impact factor: 1.439