David F Smith1, Zahra Maleki2, Diarmuid Coughlan3, Zhen Gooi1, Belinda Akpeng1, Takenori Ogawa4, Justin A Bishop2, Kevin D Frick5, Nishant Agrawal1, Christine G Gourin1, Patrick K Ha6, Wayne M Koch1, Jeremy D Richmon1, William H Westra7, Sara I Pai8. 1. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. 2. Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. 3. Department of Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. 4. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. 5. Department of Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; The Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States. 6. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; The Milton J. Dance, Jr. Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21204, United States. 7. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. 8. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. Electronic address: sipai@mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: A standardized assay to determine the HPV status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens has not yet been established, particularly for cytologic samples. The goal of this study was to determine whether the hybrid capture-2 (HC-2) assay, already widely used for the detection of high risk HPV in cervical brushings, is applicable to cytologic specimens obtained from patients with suspected HNSCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fine needle aspirates (FNA) of cervical lymph nodes were pre-operatively obtained from patients with suspected HNSCCs and evaluated for the presence of HPV using the HC-2 assay. HPV analysis was performed on the corresponding resected tissue specimens using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HR-HPV in situ hybridization (ISH). A cost analysis was performed using the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. RESULTS: HPV status of the cervical lymph node metastases was correctly classified using the HC-2 assay in 84% (21/25) of cases. Accuracy was improved to 100% when cytologic evaluation confirmed the presence of cancer cells in the test samples. The estimated cost savings to CMS using the HC-2 assay ranged from $113.74 to $364.63 per patient. CONCLUSIONS: HC-2 is a reliable method for determining the HPV status of HNSCCs. Its application to HNSCCs may reduce costs by helping to localize the primary site during the diagnostic work-up as well as decrease the interval time of determining the HPV status which would be relevant for providing prognostic information to the patient as well as determining eligibility for clinical trials targeting this unique patient population.
OBJECTIVE: A standardized assay to determine the HPV status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens has not yet been established, particularly for cytologic samples. The goal of this study was to determine whether the hybrid capture-2 (HC-2) assay, already widely used for the detection of high risk HPV in cervical brushings, is applicable to cytologic specimens obtained from patients with suspected HNSCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fine needle aspirates (FNA) of cervical lymph nodes were pre-operatively obtained from patients with suspected HNSCCs and evaluated for the presence of HPV using the HC-2 assay. HPV analysis was performed on the corresponding resected tissue specimens using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HR-HPV in situ hybridization (ISH). A cost analysis was performed using the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. RESULTS:HPV status of the cervical lymph node metastases was correctly classified using the HC-2 assay in 84% (21/25) of cases. Accuracy was improved to 100% when cytologic evaluation confirmed the presence of cancer cells in the test samples. The estimated cost savings to CMS using the HC-2 assay ranged from $113.74 to $364.63 per patient. CONCLUSIONS: HC-2 is a reliable method for determining the HPV status of HNSCCs. Its application to HNSCCs may reduce costs by helping to localize the primary site during the diagnostic work-up as well as decrease the interval time of determining the HPV status which would be relevant for providing prognostic information to the patient as well as determining eligibility for clinical trials targeting this unique patient population.
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