Arthur Beyder1, Amelia Mazzone1, Peter R Strege1, David J Tester2, Yuri A Saito1, Cheryl E Bernard1, Felicity T Enders3, Weronica E Ek4, Peter T Schmidt5, Aldona Dlugosz5, Greger Lindberg5, Pontus Karling6, Bodil Ohlsson7, Maria Gazouli8, Gerardo Nardone9, Rosario Cuomo10, Paolo Usai-Satta11, Francesca Galeazzi12, Matteo Neri13, Piero Portincasa14, Massimo Bellini15, Giovanni Barbara16, Michael Camilleri1, G Richard Locke1, Nicholas J Talley1, Mauro D'Amato4, Michael J Ackerman2, Gianrico Farrugia1. 1. Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 2. Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Diseases), Pediatrics (Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 3. Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 4. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Department of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 7. Department of Clinical Sciences, Skånes University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden. 8. Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 9. Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. 10. Digestive Motility Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital , Naples, Italy. 11. S.C. Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy. 12. UOC Gastroenterologia, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy. 13. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and CESI, G. D'Annunzio University & Foundation, Chieti, Italy. 14. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Clinica Medica 'A. Murri', University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. 15. Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 16. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola - Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: SCN5A encodes the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5. Many patients with cardiac arrhythmias caused by mutations in SCN5A also have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We investigated whether patients with IBS have SCN5A variants that affect the function of NaV1.5. METHODS: We performed genotype analysis of SCN5A in 584 persons with IBS and 1380 without IBS (controls). Mutant forms of SCN5A were expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells, and functions were assessed by voltage clamp analysis. A genome-wide association study was analyzed for an association signal for the SCN5A gene, and replicated in 1745 patients in 4 independent cohorts of IBS patients and controls. RESULTS: Missense mutations were found in SCN5A in 13 of 584 patients (2.2%, probands). Diarrhea-predominant IBS was the most prevalent form of IBS in the overall study population (25%). However, a greater percentage of individuals with SCN5A mutations had constipation-predominant IBS (31%) than diarrhea-predominant IBS (10%; P < .05). Electrophysiologic analysis showed that 10 of 13 detected mutations disrupted NaV1.5 function (9 loss-of-function and 1 gain-of-function function). The p. A997T-NaV1.5 had the greatest effect in reducing NaV1.5 function. Incubation of cells that expressed this variant with mexiletine restored their sodium current and administration of mexiletine to 1 carrier of this mutation (who had constipation-predominant IBS) normalized their bowel habits. In the genome-wide association study and 4 replicated studies, the SCN5A locus was strongly associated with IBS. CONCLUSIONS: About 2% of patients with IBS carry mutations in SCN5A. Most of these are loss-of-function mutations that disrupt NaV1.5 channel function. These findings provide a new pathogenic mechanism for IBS and possible treatment options.
BACKGROUND & AIMS:SCN5A encodes the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5. Many patients with cardiac arrhythmias caused by mutations in SCN5A also have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We investigated whether patients with IBS have SCN5A variants that affect the function of NaV1.5. METHODS: We performed genotype analysis of SCN5A in 584 persons with IBS and 1380 without IBS (controls). Mutant forms of SCN5A were expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells, and functions were assessed by voltage clamp analysis. A genome-wide association study was analyzed for an association signal for the SCN5A gene, and replicated in 1745 patients in 4 independent cohorts of IBSpatients and controls. RESULTS: Missense mutations were found in SCN5A in 13 of 584 patients (2.2%, probands). Diarrhea-predominant IBS was the most prevalent form of IBS in the overall study population (25%). However, a greater percentage of individuals with SCN5A mutations had constipation-predominant IBS (31%) than diarrhea-predominant IBS (10%; P < .05). Electrophysiologic analysis showed that 10 of 13 detected mutations disrupted NaV1.5 function (9 loss-of-function and 1 gain-of-function function). The p. A997T-NaV1.5 had the greatest effect in reducing NaV1.5 function. Incubation of cells that expressed this variant with mexiletine restored their sodium current and administration of mexiletine to 1 carrier of this mutation (who had constipation-predominant IBS) normalized their bowel habits. In the genome-wide association study and 4 replicated studies, the SCN5A locus was strongly associated with IBS. CONCLUSIONS: About 2% of patients with IBS carry mutations in SCN5A. Most of these are loss-of-function mutations that disrupt NaV1.5 channel function. These findings provide a new pathogenic mechanism for IBS and possible treatment options.
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