Bradford A Perez1, Pradeep Mettu2, Lejla Vajzovic2, Douglas Rivera3, Ali Alkaissi1, Beverly A Steffey1, Jing Cai1, Sandra Stinnett4, Jonathan J Dutton5, Edward G Buckley2, Edward Halperin6, Lawrence B Marks7, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya8, David G Kirsch9. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 3. Austin Cancer Centers, Austin, Texas. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 6. Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 8. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 9. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: david.kirsch@duke.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate, in the treatment of uveal melanomas, how tumor control, radiation toxicity, and visual outcomes are affected by the radiation dose at the tumor apex. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients treated for uveal melanoma with (125)I plaques between 1988 and 2010. Radiation dose is reported as dose to tumor apex and dose to 5 mm. Primary endpoints included time to local failure, distant failure, and death. Secondary endpoints included eye preservation, visual acuity, and radiation-related complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine associations between radiation dose and the endpoint variables. RESULTS: One hundred ninety patients with sufficient data to evaluate the endpoints were included. The 5-year local control rate was 91%. The 5-year distant metastases rate was 10%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 84%. There were no differences in outcome (local control, distant metastases, overall survival) when dose was stratified by apex dose quartile (<69 Gy, 69-81 Gy, 81-89 Gy, >89 Gy). However, increasing apex dose and dose to 5-mm depth were correlated with greater visual acuity loss (P=.02, P=.0006), worse final visual acuity (P=.02, P<.0001), and radiation complications (P<.0001, P=.0009). In addition, enucleation rates were worse with increasing quartiles of dose to 5 mm (P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Doses at least as low as 69 Gy prescribed to the tumor apex achieve rates of local control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival that are similar to radiation doses of 85 Gy to the tumor apex, but with improved visual outcomes.
PURPOSE: To investigate, in the treatment of uveal melanomas, how tumor control, radiation toxicity, and visual outcomes are affected by the radiation dose at the tumorapex. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients treated for uveal melanoma with (125)I plaques between 1988 and 2010. Radiation dose is reported as dose to tumorapex and dose to 5 mm. Primary endpoints included time to local failure, distant failure, and death. Secondary endpoints included eye preservation, visual acuity, and radiation-related complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine associations between radiation dose and the endpoint variables. RESULTS: One hundred ninety patients with sufficient data to evaluate the endpoints were included. The 5-year local control rate was 91%. The 5-year distant metastases rate was 10%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 84%. There were no differences in outcome (local control, distant metastases, overall survival) when dose was stratified by apex dose quartile (<69 Gy, 69-81 Gy, 81-89 Gy, >89 Gy). However, increasing apex dose and dose to 5-mm depth were correlated with greater visual acuity loss (P=.02, P=.0006), worse final visual acuity (P=.02, P<.0001), and radiation complications (P<.0001, P=.0009). In addition, enucleation rates were worse with increasing quartiles of dose to 5 mm (P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Doses at least as low as 69 Gy prescribed to the tumorapex achieve rates of local control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival that are similar to radiation doses of 85 Gy to the tumorapex, but with improved visual outcomes.
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