Literature DB >> 24592084

Pregnancy of unknown location.

Gökhan Boyraz1, Gürkan Bozdağ1.   

Abstract

Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is defined as the situation when the pregnancy test is positive but there are no signs of intrauterine pregnancy or an extrauterine pregnancy via transvaginal ultra-sonography. It is not always possible to determine the location of the pregnancy in cases of PUL. The reported rate of PUL among women attending early pregnancy units varies between 5 and 42% in the literature and the frequency of PUL incidents has increased with the increase in the number of early pregnancy units. The management of PUL seems to be highly crucial in obstetrics clinics. Therefore, in the current review, issues identified from the literature related to pregnancy of unknown location, potential tools for prediction and algorithms will be discussed.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Pregnancy of unknown location; ectopic pregnancy; spontaneous abortion

Year:  2013        PMID: 24592084      PMCID: PMC3881745          DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2013.74317

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc        ISSN: 1309-0380


  18 in total

Review 1.  Ultrasound in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Authors:  Emma Kirk
Journal:  Clin Obstet Gynecol       Date:  2012-06       Impact factor: 2.190

2.  The role of CPK isoenzymes in predicting extrauterine early pregnancy.

Authors:  Jenya Kruchkovich; Raoul Orvieto; Shlomo Fytlovich; Ofer Lavie; Eyal Y Anteby; Ofer Gemer
Journal:  Arch Gynecol Obstet       Date:  2012-03-02       Impact factor: 2.344

Review 3.  Clinical practice. Ectopic pregnancy.

Authors:  Kurt T Barnhart
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2009-07-23       Impact factor: 91.245

Review 4.  Diagnostic value of serum hCG on the outcome of pregnancy of unknown location: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Authors:  N M van Mello; F Mol; B C Opmeer; W M Ankum; K Barnhart; A Coomarasamy; B W Mol; F van der Veen; P J Hajenius
Journal:  Hum Reprod Update       Date:  2012-09-06       Impact factor: 15.610

5.  Do levels of serum cancer antigen 125 and creatine kinase predict the outcome in pregnancies of unknown location?

Authors:  G Condous; E Kirk; A Syed; B Van Calster; S Van Huffel; D Timmerman; T Bourne
Journal:  Hum Reprod       Date:  2005-07-29       Impact factor: 6.918

6.  Decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and spontaneous complete abortion: defining the normal curve.

Authors:  Kurt Barnhart; Mary D Sammel; Karine Chung; Lan Zhou; Amy C Hummel; Wensheng Guo
Journal:  Obstet Gynecol       Date:  2004-11       Impact factor: 7.661

7.  The hCG ratio can predict the ultimate viability of the intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability in the pregnancy of unknown location population.

Authors:  Tommaso Bignardi; George Condous; Dalya Alhamdan; Emma Kirk; Ben Van Calster; Sabine Van Huffel; Dirk Timmerman; Tom Bourne
Journal:  Hum Reprod       Date:  2008-06-10       Impact factor: 6.918

8.  Predictive value of serum human chorionic gonadotropin ratio, progesterone and inhibin A for expectant management of early pregnancies of unknown location.

Authors:  Huda Majeed; Astrid Højgaard; Peter Johannesen; Marie Louise Ladefoged; Axel Forman; Pinar Bor
Journal:  Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol       Date:  2012-08-24       Impact factor: 2.435

9.  Endometrial thickness predicts intrauterine pregnancy in patients with pregnancy of unknown location.

Authors:  E Moschos; D M Twickler
Journal:  Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol       Date:  2008-12       Impact factor: 7.299

10.  How and when human chorionic gonadotropin curves in women with an ectopic pregnancy mimic other outcomes: differences by race and ethnicity.

Authors:  Katherine E Dillon; Vasileios D Sioulas; Mary D Sammel; Karine Chung; Peter Takacs; Alka Shaunik; Kurt T Barnhart
Journal:  Fertil Steril       Date:  2012-07-12       Impact factor: 7.329

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