Literature DB >> 24581168

[Role of the expression level of Nrf2 in predicting response of EGFR-TKIs in lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR gene mutations].

Xiang Zhu1, Li Liang2, Chen Liu3, Wencheng Yin2, Sen Chen2, Baoshan Cao2.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have become first-line treatment drugs for lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR gene mutations. Significant interindividual variations in response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) have been observed. The expression level of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is related to chemoresistance against platinum drugs. Nrf2 overexpression can inhibit the sensitivity of EGFR-TKIs in cells with EGFR-sensitive mutations. The aim of this study is to investigate the protein expression level of Nrf2 in lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR gene mutations and to elucidate the correlation between Nrf2 expression and response rate of first-line EGFR-TKIs, as well as PFS and OS.
METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of Nrf2 in tumor specimens was performed on 31 patients with stage III or IV adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR gene mutations.
RESULTS: The Nrf2-positive rate was 77.4%, whereas Nrf2 nuclear high-expression rate was 38.7%. The nuclear expression level of Nrf2 was significantly correlated with response rate (RR) and PFS of EGFR-TKIs (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, smoking, differentiation, and OS (P>0.05). The Nrf2-positive level was significantly correlated with PFS and OS of EGFR-TKIs (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, smoking, differentiation, EGFR gene mutation status, and RR (P>0.05). The PFS and OS of patients with Nrf2-positive expression were significantly shorter than those in patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Furthermore, the nuclear expression level of Nrf2 was the independent predictive factor for EGFR-TKI-induced PFS, and the Nrf2-positive level was the independent predictive factor for EGFR-TKI-induced OS (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of Nrf2 is significantly correlated with response rate (RR) of EGFR-TKIs, PFS, and OS. Therefore, Nrf2 may be a useful biomarker in predicting response of EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR gene mutations.

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Year:  2014        PMID: 24581168      PMCID: PMC6000052          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.02.15

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


肺癌目前是世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤[,其中80%为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC),约75%的NSCLC就诊时已属于中晚期[。近年来,多项临床研究表明针对表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)基因突变的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs)可延长含有EGFR基因突变患者的无疾病进展时间(progression free survival, PFS)[,并因其低毒、使用方便越来越为患者所接受。EGFR-TKIs已成为含有EGFR基因敏感突变患者一线治疗的首选。EGFR突变率在肺腺癌中尤为明显。然而,EGFR-TKIs疗效存在个体差异,因此,探索EGFR突变患者中与EGFR-TKIs疗效相关的分子生物指标,对提高药物疗效、提高患者生活质量、减轻患者经济和心理压力显得尤为重要。 Nrf2是细胞调节抗氧化应激和亲电性应激反应的重要转录因子。Nrf2可激活抗氧化反应元件(antioxident response element, ARE)调控的相关耐药基因[:①细胞内氧化还原基因,如谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶、血红素氧合酶-1等;②Ⅱ相解毒基因,如谷胱甘肽-S转移酶、NAD(P)H苯醌氧化还原酶-1(NQO1)等;③编码转运蛋白的基因,如多药耐药蛋白等[。Nrf2与化疗药物耐药密切相关[。近期Yamadori等[发现,在含有EGFR基因敏感突变的细胞株中,Nrf2激活可明显降低EGFR-TKIs疗效。但目前尚缺乏Nrf2表达水平与EGFR-TKIs疗效间的相关临床研究。本研究拟通过免疫组织化学方法检测Nrf2表达水平,明确Nrf2表达水平及其与一线EGFR-TKIs疗效及患者预后之间的相关性。

对象与方法

研究对象

选取2007年1月-2012年5月在北京大学第三医院接受EGFR-TKIs一线治疗的肺腺癌患者。入组标准:按2004年WHO肺癌分类标准病理诊断为肺腺癌者(本研究由于入组患者部分在2011年前入组且病例数较少,未采用2011年肺腺癌国际分类新标准对腺癌进行亚型分类);含有EGFR基因敏感突变;不能手术切除的Ⅲb期和Ⅳ期患者(依据国际肺癌研究协会颁布的第7版分期标准[);所有标本为CT引导下肺脏穿刺组织,有足够的组织标本可供免疫组化检测;一线治疗为EGFR-TKIs;预计生存期超过3个月;治疗前、治疗1个月、后每2个-3个月均有影像学检查(胸腹部CT、头颅MRI)。患者治疗前签署知情同意书;所用标本经过北京大学第三医院伦理委员会批准。共纳入符合条件的病例31例,包括男性10例,女性21例;年龄范围24岁-80岁,中位年龄64岁;Ⅲb期患者7例,Ⅳ期患者24例;EGFR外显子19缺失(E19del)突变患者21例,外显子21 L858RE21L858R)突变10例(31例EGFR基因突变检测均为测序法);接受吉非替尼治疗26例,厄洛替尼3例,埃克替尼2例。

随访及后续治疗

所有患者通过定期来院或电话随访,随访开始时间为2007年1月,末次随访时间为2013年6月1日,最短随访时间3个月,最长60个月。31例患者中后续接受化疗者13例,因脑转移或脊柱转移接受放射治疗者4例。

临床资料收集及疗效评价标准

记录患者临床特征、EGFR TKIs用药记录和影像学指标。疗效指标包括近期和远期疗效。近期疗效按照实体瘤疗效评价标准1.1版[分为完全缓解(complete response, CR)、部分缓解(partial response, PR)、疾病稳定(stable disease, SD)和疾病进展(progressive disease, PD),获得CR或PR的患者4周或以后确认。远期疗效为PFS和总生存期(overall survival, OS)。PFS定义为从治疗开始至疾病进展或任何原因导致死亡的时间,OS定义为从初次治疗开始至死亡或随访终点时间。

免疫组化检测Nrf2表达

实验方法

活检组织标本经10%甲醛固定后,常规石蜡包埋,4 μm厚度切片,。免疫组化采用SP法(兔抗人Nrf2抗体ab31163)购于Abacm公司,免疫组化二抗SP检测试剂盒购于北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司,Nrf2抗体按1:100稀释),应用PBS代替一抗作为阴性对照,按照试剂说明书进行操作。

结果判定

采用单盲法阅片(病理医师不清楚临床资料),Nrf2抗原阳性反应可位于细胞浆和细胞核中。随机选取5个中倍镜视野(200倍),每个视野记数200个肿瘤细胞。共计数1, 000个细胞。按染色强度分为:0分:无染色;1分:染色呈淡黄色;2分:染色呈棕黄色;3分:染色呈棕褐色;按核阳性细胞比例(核染色为1分-3分细胞数/计数细胞*100%)分为0-100%。本研究中,参照Solis等[研究的免疫组化评判标准,将细胞核染色强度和细胞核阳性比例乘积>0定义为Nrf2阳性,反之为阴性。此外将核Nrf2染色强度0分和1分者定义为核Nrf2低表达、2分和3分为核高表达。

统计学方法

应用SPSS 17.0统计学软件分析。率的比较采用卡方检验,或Fisher精确检验,相关性检验采用Pearson检验,Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验差异性,多因素分析采用Cox多因素分析模型。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

随访及疗效

随访率为100%。中位随访时间15个月,随访范围3个月至-60个月。无CR患者,19例(61.3%)PR,7例(22.6%)SD,5例(16.1%)PD。远期疗效:PFS为1个月-50个月,中位PFS 6个月;OS为3个月-60个月,中位OS 15个月。

Nrf2蛋白检测结果及其与临床特征间的关系

Nrf2在细胞核和细胞浆中均可以表达(图 1A-图 1D),存在个体差异。Nrf2核阳性(核染色强度和细胞核阳性细胞比例乘积>0)率为77.4%(24/31),Nrf2阳性水平在性别、年龄、吸烟、分化程度、分期、EGFR基因突变状态以及客观缓解组间无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表 1。Nrf2核高表达(细胞核强度>1分者)率为38.7%(12/31),PR患者中核Nrf2高表达率为0(0/19),明显低于SD和PD患者中的100.0%(7/7和5/5)(P < 0.001),但核Nrf2表达水平在性别、年龄、吸烟、分化程度、分期、EGFR基因突变状态组间无明显差异(P>0.05)(表 2)。
1

Nrf2在肺腺癌中的表达情况。A:Nrf2胞浆高表达(×200);B:Nrf2胞浆低表达(×200);C:Nrf2核高表达(×200);D:Nrf2核低表达(×200)

Expression of Nrf2 in lung adenocarcinoma. A: High expression of Nrf2 in cytoplasm (×200); B: Low expression of Nrf2 in cytoplasm (×200); C: High expression of Nrf2 in nucleus (×200); D: Low expression of Nrf2 in nucleus (×200)

1

Nrf2阳性率同肺腺癌患者临床特征间的关系

The relationship between positive Nrf2 and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma patients

Clinical charactersticCase (N)Nrf2 positive* rate, n[(n/N)%]χ2P
PR: partial response; SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease. *Nrf2 Positive refers to score>0, the score was obtained by multiplying the intensity and reactivity extension values of Nrf2 nuclear expression (range 0-300%).
Gender312.5620.109
  Male106 (20.0%)
  Female2118 (85.7%)
Age/(yr)310.5240.469
   < 701714 (82.4%)
  ≥701410 (71.4%)
Smoking history310.2150.643
  Yes118 (72.7%)
  No2016 (80.0%)
Differentiation311.7400.419
  Low55 (100.0%)
  Moderate1511 (48.4%)
  High118 (72.7%)
Staging312.1260.145
  Ⅲ74 (57.1%)
  Ⅳ2420 (83.3%)
EGFR mutation311.3360.248
  Exon 19 deletion2115 (71.4%)
  Exon 21 L858R109 (90.0%)
Response312.6140.271
  PR1913 (68.4%)
  SD76 (85.7%)
  PD55 (100.0%)
2

核Nrf2高表达率同肺腺癌患者临床特征间的关系

The relationship between high expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma patients

Clinical charactersticCase (N)High expression of Nrf2 ** rate, n[(n/N)%]χ2P
**High expression of Nrf2 refer to Nrf2 nuclear high intensity, score 2 or 3.
Gender310.4720.492
  Male103 (30.0%)
  Female219(42.9%)
Age (yr)311.1060.293
   < 70178(47.1%)
  ≥70144 (28.6%)
Smoking history310.0400.842
  Yes114(36.4%)
  No208 (40.0%)
Differentiation311.1640.559
  Low53 (60.0%)
  Moderate155 (33.3%)
  High114 (36.4%)
Staging310.3920.531
  Ⅲ72 (28.6%)
  Ⅳ2410 (41.7%)
EGFR mutation310.0100.919
  Exon-19 deletion218 (38.1%)
  Exon-21 L858R104 (40.0%)
Response3131.000< 0.001
  PR190 (0)
  SD77 (100.0%)
  PD55(100.0%)
Nrf2在肺腺癌中的表达情况。A:Nrf2胞浆高表达(×200);B:Nrf2胞浆低表达(×200);C:Nrf2核高表达(×200);D:Nrf2核低表达(×200) Expression of Nrf2 in lung adenocarcinoma. A: High expression of Nrf2 in cytoplasm (×200); B: Low expression of Nrf2 in cytoplasm (×200); C: High expression of Nrf2 in nucleus (×200); D: Low expression of Nrf2 in nucleus (×200) Nrf2阳性率同肺腺癌患者临床特征间的关系 The relationship between positive Nrf2 and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma patients Nrf2高表达率同肺腺癌患者临床特征间的关系 The relationship between high expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma patients

Nrf2表达水平与EGFR-TKIs缓解程度、PFS、OS相关性分析

Nrf2阳性水平与EGFR-TKIs缓解程度(r=0.290, P=0.113)无关,但与PFS(r=-0.590, P < 0.001)和OS(r=-0.694, P < 0.001)相关,Nrf2阳性者的PFS及OS低于Nrf2阴性者。Nrf2核高表达水平与EGFR-TKI缓解程度(r=-0.914, P < 0.001)和PFS(r=-0.485, P=0.006)相关,但与OS(r=-0.227, P=0.219)无关。Nrf2核高表达者的缓解程度和PFS低于Nrf2核低或不表达者。

生存分析

Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明:①Nrf2阳性组PFS和OS低于阴性组。其中位PFS分别为6个月和12个月(P=0.057)(图 2A);中位OS分别为15个月和54个月(P=0.013)(图 2B)。②核内Nrf2高表达组PFS明显低于低或不表达组,二者OS无明显差异。其中位PFS分别4个月和10个月(P < 0.001)(图 2C);中位OS分别为12个月和30个月(P=0.331)(图 2D)。③患者PFS和OS与EGFR突变状态无关。EGFR E19Del突变和E21 L858R突变的中位PFS分别9个月和5个月(P=0.890)(图 2E);中位OS分别为17个月和15个月(P=0.848)(图 2F)。
2

Kaplan-Meier累计生存时间曲线分析。A:Nrf2阳性组和阴性组患者的PFS;B:Nrf2阳性组和阴性组患者的OS;C:Nrf2核高表达组和低或不表达组患者的PFS;D:Nrf2核高表达组和低或不表达组患者的OS;E:E19del突变和E21L858R突变组患者的PFS;F:E19del突变和E21L858R突变组患者的OS

Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival time curves analysis. A: PFS between Nrf2 positive expression and negative expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; B: OS between Nrf2 positive expression and negative expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; C: PFS between Nrf2 nuclear high expression and negative/low expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; D: OS between Nrf2 nuclear high expression and negative/low expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; E: PFS between E19del and E21L858R in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma patients; F: OS between E19del and E21L858R in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma patients

Kaplan-Meier累计生存时间曲线分析。A:Nrf2阳性组和阴性组患者的PFS;B:Nrf2阳性组和阴性组患者的OS;C:Nrf2核高表达组和低或不表达组患者的PFS;D:Nrf2核高表达组和低或不表达组患者的OS;E:E19del突变和E21L858R突变组患者的PFS;F:E19del突变和E21L858R突变组患者的OS Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival time curves analysis. A: PFS between Nrf2 positive expression and negative expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; B: OS between Nrf2 positive expression and negative expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; C: PFS between Nrf2 nuclear high expression and negative/low expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; D: OS between Nrf2 nuclear high expression and negative/low expression in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma; E: PFS between E19del and E21L858R in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma patients; F: OS between E19del and E21L858R in groups of patients with lung adenocarcinoma patients

Cox多因素回归分析

在校对患者EGFR基因突变状态、分期、Nrf2核内表达、Nrf2阳性等因素后,多因素分析表明核Nrf2表达水平是EGFR-TKIs PFS的独立预测因素(P=0.002);Nrf2阳性水平是OS的独立预测因素(P=0.042),见表 3。
3

多因素分析EGFR-TKIs特异性生存的预后因素(n=31)

Cox regression analysis of the disease-specific survival with EGFR-TKIs (n=31)

CharacteristicRegression coefficient βStandard errorWaldPExp (B)95%CI
Progression-free survival
Stage0.4910.5670.7490.3871.6340.538-4.694
EGFR mutation0.2000.4510.1970.6581.2210.505-2.953
Nrf2 score0.7260.5911.5110.2192.0670.649-6.583
Nrf2 nuclear expression1.7820.5799.4830.0025.9441.912-18.483
Overall survival (OS)
Stage0.2460.6580.1390.7091.2790.352-4.647
EGFR mutation0.0380.5280.1390.7091.0390.369-2.925
Nrf2 score1.6950.8334.1450.0425.4491.065-27.873
Nrf2 nuclear expression0.3010.5210.3350.5631.3520.487-3.752
多因素分析EGFR-TKIs特异性生存的预后因素(n=31) Cox regression analysis of the disease-specific survival with EGFR-TKIs (n=31)

讨论

EGFR基因敏感突变的肺癌患者一线首选EGFR-TKIs已成为治疗共识。EGFR基因突变集中在EGFR基因的18-21外显子,其中E19Del和E21 L858R占90%以上,二者也是EGFR TKIs最常见的敏感突变[。但仍有20%-40%的患者服药无效[,且有效患者获益程度个体差异明显,不论是应用第一代TKIs中的吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼,还是第二代的阿法替尼都存在这种情况。因此,寻找预测EGFR-TKIs疗效的指标成为了研究热点。虽然针对EGFR突变本身、EGFR通路相关分子以及其他通路分子的研究已部分证实和EGFR TKIs耐药有关,如T790M突变、EGFR基因突变丰度、PTEN、PI3K以及c-MET基因扩增等[,但尚不足解释EGFR-TKIs在EGFR基因突变患者中的疗效差异。 Nrf2是调控细胞应对氧化应激和亲电性应激反应的重要转录因子。Nrf2通过调控ARE驱动的药物代谢酶和抗氧化酶/蛋白的表达,来保护细胞免受或减少外来有毒物质的杀伤[。Nrf2的这种保护作用与肿瘤耐药密切相关。多项研究表明Nrf2过表达与肺癌细胞耐药有关。但缺乏与EGFR-TKIs疗效相关的临床研究。 本研究通过免疫组化方法检测31例含有EGFR基因敏感突变的肺腺癌患者,结果发现Nrf2阳性率达77.4%,远高于Solis等[报道的阳性率26.0%,且也高于曹宝山等[前期研究中的报道34.0%。产生差异的原因在于:①前期小样本研究发现晚期患者Nrf2阳性表达远高于早期患者[,而Solis等[研究以早期患者为主,晚期患者不足1/4,或许是产生差异原因之一;②Yamadori等[研究发现EGFR信号活化可上调Nrf2表达水平,因此在EGFR敏感基因突变患者中,EGFR通路活化是导致Nrf2阳性表达率增高原因之一。但是在Solis等[报道的23例EGFR基因突变患者中无Nrf2阳性表达,此种差异或许与肿瘤分期、种族等因素有关;③本研究为回顾性研究,样本量较小,选择偏倚不能除外。因此,可进行前瞻性大样本研究证实。本研究中未观察到Nrf2表达水平与吸烟、性别有关,与Solis等[报道不同,或许与EGFR通路激活,抵消了吸烟等刺激导致的区别以及本研究入组病例数偏少有关。 本研究发现核Nrf2高表达与EGFR TKIs缓解程度相关,高表达组中无1例患者获得PR。这与Yamadori等[在含有EGFR基因敏感突变的细胞株中发现的现象一致,即Nrf2激活可明显降低EGFR-TKIs疗效[。且Nrf2在细胞核内高表达对EGFR-TKIs缓解程度的预测能力明显高于Nrf2阳性(细胞核染色强度和细胞阳性比例的乘积)的能力。这或许是因为:Nrf2正常情况在胞浆中表达,一旦进入细胞核中,其可激活ARE调控的药物解毒酶和代谢酶,并促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡[。本研究生存分析表明:核Nrf2表达水平、Nrf2阳性水平与患者的PFS均相关,且Nrf2阳性水平与患者生存期呈负相关。这与Solis[和Yang等[研究结果相一致。提示Nrf2表达既可能是EGFR-TKIs疗效的预测指标,也是预后的预测指标。但在本研究中,发现EGFR不同突变位点患者中其PFS和OS无差异,这与Jackman等[研究结果不同,其发现外显子19缺失突变患者生存期优于外显子21突变。这或许与本研究样本量小有关。 目前已经清楚,Nrf2可通过外来刺激、Nrf2突变、Keap1突变或Keap1甲基化获得激活[。具体何种机制在本研究患者群中发挥作用有待深入研究。 本研究的主要限制在于样本量偏小,存在选择偏倚可能。但本研究发现Nrf2表达水平与EGFR-TKI近期和远期疗效相关,Nrf2核表达水平是PFS的独立预测因子,Nrf2阳性水平是OS的独立预测因子,因此Nrf2在含有EGFR突变患者中,可能成为预测EGFR-TKIs疗效的的理想指标。我们将进一步扩大样本量进行前瞻性研究,以验证Nrf2对预测EGFR-TKI疗效和预后的临床价值。
  22 in total

1.  Nrf2 and Keap1 abnormalities in non-small cell lung carcinoma and association with clinicopathologic features.

Authors:  Luisa M Solis; Carmen Behrens; Wenli Dong; Milind Suraokar; Natalie C Ozburn; Cesar A Moran; Alejandro H Corvalan; Shyam Biswal; Stephen G Swisher; B Nebiyou Bekele; John D Minna; David J Stewart; Ignacio I Wistuba
Journal:  Clin Cancer Res       Date:  2010-06-09       Impact factor: 12.531

2.  Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.

Authors:  Rafael Rosell; Enric Carcereny; Radj Gervais; Alain Vergnenegre; Bartomeu Massuti; Enriqueta Felip; Ramon Palmero; Ramon Garcia-Gomez; Cinta Pallares; Jose Miguel Sanchez; Rut Porta; Manuel Cobo; Pilar Garrido; Flavia Longo; Teresa Moran; Amelia Insa; Filippo De Marinis; Romain Corre; Isabel Bover; Alfonso Illiano; Eric Dansin; Javier de Castro; Michele Milella; Noemi Reguart; Giuseppe Altavilla; Ulpiano Jimenez; Mariano Provencio; Miguel Angel Moreno; Josefa Terrasa; Jose Muñoz-Langa; Javier Valdivia; Dolores Isla; Manuel Domine; Olivier Molinier; Julien Mazieres; Nathalie Baize; Rosario Garcia-Campelo; Gilles Robinet; Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu; Guillermo Lopez-Vivanco; Vittorio Gebbia; Lioba Ferrera-Delgado; Pierre Bombaron; Reyes Bernabe; Alessandra Bearz; Angel Artal; Enrico Cortesi; Christian Rolfo; Maria Sanchez-Ronco; Ana Drozdowskyj; Cristina Queralt; Itziar de Aguirre; Jose Luis Ramirez; Jose Javier Sanchez; Miguel Angel Molina; Miquel Taron; Luis Paz-Ares
Journal:  Lancet Oncol       Date:  2012-01-26       Impact factor: 41.316

3.  Exon 19 deletion mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor are associated with prolonged survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib.

Authors:  David M Jackman; Beow Y Yeap; Lecia V Sequist; Neal Lindeman; Alison J Holmes; Victoria A Joshi; Daphne W Bell; Mark S Huberman; Balazs Halmos; Michael S Rabin; Daniel A Haber; Thomas J Lynch; Matthew Meyerson; Bruce E Johnson; Pasi A Jänne
Journal:  Clin Cancer Res       Date:  2006-07-01       Impact factor: 12.531

4.  Frequent epigenetics inactivation of KEAP1 gene in non-small cell lung cancer.

Authors:  Lucia Anna Muscarella; Paola Parrella; Vito D'Alessandro; Annamaria la Torre; Raffaela Barbano; Andrea Fontana; Antonio Tancredi; Vito Guarnieri; Teresa Balsamo; Michelina Coco; Massimiliano Copetti; Fabio Pellegrini; Patrizia De Bonis; Michele Bisceglia; Gerardo Scaramuzzi; Evaristo Maiello; Vanna Maria Valori; Giuseppe Merla; Gianluigi Vendemiale; Vito Michele Fazio
Journal:  Epigenetics       Date:  2011-06-01       Impact factor: 4.528

5.  Pretreatment epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation predicts shorter EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor response duration in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Authors:  Kang-Yi Su; Hsuan-Yu Chen; Ker-Chau Li; Min-Liang Kuo; James Chih-Hsin Yang; Wing-Kai Chan; Bing-Ching Ho; Gee-Chen Chang; Jin-Yuan Shih; Sung-Liang Yu; Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2012-01-03       Impact factor: 44.544

6.  Molecular mechanisms for the regulation of Nrf2-mediated cell proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancers.

Authors:  T Yamadori; Y Ishii; S Homma; Y Morishima; K Kurishima; K Itoh; M Yamamoto; Y Minami; M Noguchi; N Hizawa
Journal:  Oncogene       Date:  2012-01-16       Impact factor: 9.867

Review 7.  EGFR-mutated oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer: current trends and future prospects.

Authors:  Jean-Charles Soria; Tony S Mok; Federico Cappuzzo; Pasi A Jänne
Journal:  Cancer Treat Rev       Date:  2011-11-25       Impact factor: 12.111

8.  Relative abundance of EGFR mutations predicts benefit from gefitinib treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Authors:  Qing Zhou; Xu-Chao Zhang; Zhi-Hong Chen; Xiao-Lu Yin; Jin-Ji Yang; Chong-Rui Xu; Hong-Hong Yan; Hua-Jun Chen; Jian Su; Wen-Zhao Zhong; Xue-Ning Yang; She-Juan An; Bin-Chao Wang; Yi-Sheng Huang; Zhen Wang; Yi-Long Wu
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2011-07-25       Impact factor: 44.544

Review 9.  Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer.

Authors:  Sreenath V Sharma; Daphne W Bell; Jeffrey Settleman; Daniel A Haber
Journal:  Nat Rev Cancer       Date:  2007-03       Impact factor: 60.716

10.  Dysfunctional KEAP1-NRF2 interaction in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Authors:  Anju Singh; Vikas Misra; Rajesh K Thimmulappa; Hannah Lee; Stephen Ames; Mohammad O Hoque; James G Herman; Stephen B Baylin; David Sidransky; Edward Gabrielson; Malcolm V Brock; Shyam Biswal
Journal:  PLoS Med       Date:  2006-10       Impact factor: 11.069

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  3 in total

Review 1.  Defenses against Pro-oxidant Forces - Maintenance of Cellular and Genomic Integrity and Longevity.

Authors:  David Murray; Razmik Mirzayans; William H McBride
Journal:  Radiat Res       Date:  2018-07-24       Impact factor: 2.841

2.  Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of NRF2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis.

Authors:  Qingsong Wang; Liang Xu; Gang Wang; Lei Chen; Changping Li; Xiangli Jiang; Hai Gao; Bing Yang; Weiping Tian
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2020-11-13       Impact factor: 3.240

3.  [Nrf2 and Keap1 Abnormalities in 104 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cases and Association with Clinicopathologic Features].

Authors:  Yu Xiao; Xiang Zhu; Yangchun Gu; Sen Chen; Li Liang; Baoshan Cao
Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi       Date:  2018-03-20
  3 in total

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