Kinetic differences between embryonic- and adult-type acetylcholine receptors in rat myotubes.

1. The burst structures of embryonic-type (low-gamma) and adult-type (high-gamma) nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChRs) in rat myotubes were investigated with the patch clamp technique. The channels were activated with the agonists ACh and suberyldicholine (SubCh). 2. With either agonist, the distribution of burst durations showed two exponential components for both channel types: a 'long' component that corresponds to bursts of one or more openings and a 'brief' component that includes short, isolated openings. 3. For low-gamma channels, the percentage of all openings associated with the brief component decreased from approximately 40% at 10-100 nM-ACh to less than 10% at 10-100 microM-ACh. 4. Both high-gamma and low-gamma long bursts were interrupted by brief (30-90 microseconds) closures and longer (approximately 1 ms) transitions to a partially open (subconductance) state. The duration of brief closures and partial openings was relatively independent of the agonist, but their frequency within low-gamma bursts was 3-fold higher with SubCh than with ACh. 5. Brief closures are interpreted as transitions to a closed, doubly liganded state from which the channel can reopen. This model predicts that the channel opening rate is greater than 10,000 s-1 for both channel types at room temperature. 6. Estimates of the channel opening rate inferred from the rising phase of miniature end-plate currents recorded from rat soleus fibres are consistent with this interpretation. 7. Both high-gamma and low-gamma channels apparently operate via similar gating mechanisms. Differences in their gating behaviour can be explained in terms of faster kinetic rate constants for high-gamma channels.