Analysis of T and B cell epitopes of the Schistosoma mansoni P28 antigen in the rat model by using synthetic peptides.

The Schistosoma mansoni P28 molecule is an Ag inducing protective immunity in various experimental models. Three synthetic peptides, derived from the primary sequence of the recombinant P28 and comprising amino acids 24-43, 115-131, and 140-153, respectively, were synthesized according to their hydrophilicity, mobility, and accessibility profiles. The presence of B and T lymphocyte epitopes in these peptides has been examined in the rat model. The results showed that the 24-43 and the 115-131 peptides contained major epitopes for IgG but not for IgE. Moreover, the 24-43 peptide-specific IgG produced after injecting either the recombinant P28 Ag or the 24-43 peptide coupled to tetanus toxoid was essentially of the IgG2a subclass and to a lesser extent of the IgG1 subclass, whereas no IgG2c was detected. These 24-43 peptide-specific antibodies were cytotoxic in vitro for schistosomula in the presence of eosinophils as effector cells. The 24-43 and the 140-153 peptides contained major targets of T lymphocytes specific for the recombinant P28 Ag. T cell lines specific for the 24-43 peptide have been prepared. These cells proliferated in vitro when stimulated with various S. mansoni crude antigenic preparations or with the recombinant P28 Ag. Moreover, their passive transfer to rats immunized with the P28 Ag led to a significant increase in specific IgE without modifying the IgG response.