BACKGROUND/AIMS: Genipin, the aglycon of geniposide found in gardenia fruit has long been considered for treatment of various diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Genipin has been used as a blue colorant in food industry. Genipin has recently been reported to have some pharmacological functions, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether genipin could modify CCL20 and IL-6, which are related to bone resorption in periodontal disease, expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). METHODS: CCL20 and IL-6 productions from HPDLCs were determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of signal transduction molecules expressions in HPDLCs. RESULTS: Genipin prevented IL-1β-mediated CCL20 and IL-6 production in HPDLCs. Moreover, genipin could suppress nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) phosphorylations in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs. NF-κB inhibitor and ERK inhibitor significantly inhibited IL-6 and CCL20 productions from IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a novel mechanism through which genipin could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease to inhibit IL-6 and CCL20 productions in periodontal lesions.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Genipin, the aglycon of geniposide found in gardenia fruit has long been considered for treatment of various diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Genipin has been used as a blue colorant in food industry. Genipin has recently been reported to have some pharmacological functions, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether genipin could modify CCL20 and IL-6, which are related to bone resorption in periodontal disease, expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). METHODS:CCL20 and IL-6 productions from HPDLCs were determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of signal transduction molecules expressions in HPDLCs. RESULTS: Genipin prevented IL-1β-mediated CCL20 and IL-6 production in HPDLCs. Moreover, genipin could suppress nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) phosphorylations in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs. NF-κB inhibitor and ERK inhibitor significantly inhibited IL-6 and CCL20 productions from IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a novel mechanism through which genipin could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease to inhibit IL-6 and CCL20 productions in periodontal lesions.
Authors: Tejas S Lahoti; Jacob A Boyer; Ann Kusnadi; Gulsum E Muku; Iain A Murray; Gary H Perdew Journal: Toxicol Sci Date: 2015-08-10 Impact factor: 4.849