Glycemic index and significance of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacae) in type II diabetics.

The study was undertaken to assess nutrient composition, glycemic index and health benefits of barnyard millet in type II diabetics. The millet had 10.5% protein 3.6% fat, 68.8% carbohydrate and 398 kcal/100 g energy. The total dietary fibre content was high (12.6%) including soluble (4.2%) and insoluble (8.4%) fractions. Low glycemic index of the grains both dehulled (50.0) and dehulled and heat treated (41.7) was recorded. The feeding intervention of 28 days revealed a significant reduction in glucose (139.2 to 131.1 mg/dl), LDL-C (from 167.7 to 162.9 mg/dl), VLDL-C (from 24.0 to 23.2 mg/dl), ratio of TC: HDL (from 4.7 to 4.6) and LDL: HDL (from 3.2 to 3.1) in the experimental diabetic groups. Similar, but marginal changes were observed in experimental non diabetics. Marginal decrease of triglycerides and increase of HDL were registered in diabetic groups due to barnyard millet intervention. The study indicated that the dehulled and heat treated barnyard millet is beneficial for type-II diabetics.