Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose1, Dawei Xie2, Margaret Stineman3. 1. Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave. (Mailcode 128), Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Orthopaedics. Stanford Hospital & Clinics, Stanford, CA(∗). Electronic address: cms@alumni.med.upenn.edu. 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA(†). 3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA(‡).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess relationships between adverse childhood experiences and self-reported disabilities in adult life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, random-digit-dialed, state-population-based survey (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System). SETTING: Fourteen states and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Noninstitutionalized adults ages ≥18 years surveyed in 2009 and/or in 2010 (n = 81,184). METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Module asks about abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), family dysfunction (exposures to domestic violence, living with mentally ill, substance abusing, or incarcerated family member(s), and/or parental separation and/or divorce) that occurred before age 18 years. The ACE score sums affirmed ACE categories (range, 0-8). We controlled for demographic characteristics (age, race, education, income, and marital status) and self-reported physical health conditions (stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma). Five states asked participants about mental health conditions (anxiety, depression). A subset analysis of participants in these states evaluated the effect of adjusting for these conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was disability (self-reported activity limitation and/or assistive device use). RESULTS: More than half of participants (57%) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experience category, and 23.2% reported disability. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of disability increased in a graded fashion from odds ratio 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.4) among those who experienced 1 adverse experience to odds ratio 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 4.6-7.5) among those with 7-8 adverse experiences compared with those with no such experiences when adjusting for demographic factors. The relationship between adverse experiences and disability remained strong after adjusting for physical and mental health conditions. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong graded relationship between childhood exposure to abuse and household dysfunction and self-reported disability in adulthood, even after adjusting for potentially mediating health conditions. Greater clinician, researcher, and policymaker awareness of the impact of childhood adversity on disability is crucial to help those affected by childhood adversity lead more functional lives.
OBJECTIVE: To assess relationships between adverse childhood experiences and self-reported disabilities in adult life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, random-digit-dialed, state-population-based survey (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System). SETTING: Fourteen states and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Noninstitutionalized adults ages ≥18 years surveyed in 2009 and/or in 2010 (n = 81,184). METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Module asks about abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), family dysfunction (exposures to domestic violence, living with mentally ill, substance abusing, or incarcerated family member(s), and/or parental separation and/or divorce) that occurred before age 18 years. The ACE score sums affirmed ACE categories (range, 0-8). We controlled for demographic characteristics (age, race, education, income, and marital status) and self-reported physical health conditions (stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma). Five states asked participants about mental health conditions (anxiety, depression). A subset analysis of participants in these states evaluated the effect of adjusting for these conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was disability (self-reported activity limitation and/or assistive device use). RESULTS: More than half of participants (57%) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experience category, and 23.2% reported disability. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of disability increased in a graded fashion from odds ratio 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.4) among those who experienced 1 adverse experience to odds ratio 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 4.6-7.5) among those with 7-8 adverse experiences compared with those with no such experiences when adjusting for demographic factors. The relationship between adverse experiences and disability remained strong after adjusting for physical and mental health conditions. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong graded relationship between childhood exposure to abuse and household dysfunction and self-reported disability in adulthood, even after adjusting for potentially mediating health conditions. Greater clinician, researcher, and policymaker awareness of the impact of childhood adversity on disability is crucial to help those affected by childhood adversity lead more functional lives.
Authors: Earl S Ford; Robert F Anda; Valerie J Edwards; Geraldine S Perry; Guixiang Zhao; Chaoyang Li; Janet B Croft Journal: Prev Med Date: 2011-06-25 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: Elise Mosley-Johnson; Emma Garacci; Nick Wagner; Carlos Mendez; Joni S Williams; Leonard E Egede Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2018-11-22 Impact factor: 4.147