Cell cycle regulation of homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Homologous recombination (HR) contributes to maintaining genome integrity by facilitating error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) primarily during the S and G2 phases of the mitotic cell cycle, while nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the preferred pathway for DSB repair in G1 phase. The decision to repair a DSB by NHEJ or HR is made primarily at the level of DSB end resection, which is inhibited by the Ku complex in G1 and promoted by the Sae2 and Mre11 nucleases in S/G2 . The cell cycle regulation of HR is accomplished both at the transcription level and at the protein level through post-translational modification, degradation and subcellular localization. Cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28 plays an established key role in these events, while the role of transcriptional regulation and protein degradation are less well understood. Here, the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms for mitotic HR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are reviewed, and evolutionarily conserved principles are highlighted.