Properties of phytochrome in gymnosperms.

Addition of water to dry seeds of Pinus spp. increased the detectable phytochrome immediately and the level reached after 2 h in darkness was retained for at least 20 h at 20° C. The in-vivo difference spectra of phytochrome in Pinus seeds showed absorption maxima at approximately 656 nm and at 710 nm to 715 nm. An isosbestic point was observed at about 680 nm. Shifts towards longer wavebands were obtained especially with tissue containing substantial amounts of chlorophyll and are, therefore, not due to diverse types of phytochrome. Embryo tissue of Ginkgo biloba showed also a maximum in R at 655 nm but the peak in FR occurred at a longer wavelength, 725 nm. This was confirmed by determining action spectra for the phototransformations Pr⇌Pfr.The dark reactions of phytochrome in Pinus differed from those in Ginkgo. Following a short exposure to R light, the total quantity of photoreversible pigment in Pinus seeds remained constant for several hours in darkness at room temperature. Dark reversion of Pfr occurred extremely rapidly and tPfr 50 was only 0.3 h. In Ginkgo embryos total phytochrome in darkness following a brief exposure to R light was not completely stable. Reversion of Pfr was much slower and tPfr 50 was slightly less than 2 h.It is concluded that, at least as regards the spectral qualities, the phytochrome in Gymnospermae differs from that of Angiospermae and is apparently also not identical in Coniferae and Ginkgoinae.