Gait disturbances in patients with stroke.

Poststroke hemiplegic gait is a mixture of deviations and compensatory motion dictated by residual functions, and thus each patient must be examined and his/her unique gait pattern identified and documented. Quantitative 3-dimensional gait analysis is the best way to understand the complex multifactorial gait dysfunction in hemiparetic patients. The goals of the present work are to (1) review the temporospatial, kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic deviations from normal gait that commonly occur after stroke and are of clinical significance, along with the most likely causes of these deviations, and (2) differentiate the departures from normal gait parameters that arise as a direct consequence of poststroke motor problems and those that arise as learned or adaptive compensations for poststroke motor problems.