Ahmed Daoud1, Zuozheng Xie1, Yanhong Ma1, Tiansheng Wang1, Guolin Tan2. 1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Electronic address: guolintan@xysm.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anticholinergic drugs or vidian neurectomy can alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To show that inhibition of the cholinergic nerve influences the balance of T-helper type 1 and 2 cells in allergic rhinitis mice. METHODS: Twenty-four mice were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups: control, model, model with ipratropium bromide treatment, and model with 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Allergic model-treated mice were sensitized with ovalbumin. Evaluation of allergic symptoms was recorded according to a symptom score. Ovalbumin serum IgE was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of interleukin-4, interferon-γ, forkhead box P3, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis. RESULTS: Symptoms in allergic mice were significantly alleviated by ipratropium bromide. Ovalbumin serum IgE and eosinophils of nasal mucosa were significantly decreased. Interleukin-4 expression level was significantly higher in the allergic model group than in the control group and significantly decreased by ipratropium bromide (P < .05). In contrast, the expression of forkhead box P3 was lower in the allergic model group than in the control group and increased with treatment by ipratropium bromide (P < .05). Conversely, interferon-γ expression was not changed by anticholinergic treatment in the nasal mucosa of allergic mice. Expression of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide was significantly increased in allergic mice and decreased by ipratropium bromide. Sympathetic denervation did not change the expression of interleukin-4, interferon-γ, forkhead box P3, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. CONCLUSION: inhibition of the cholinergic nerve not only alleviated symptoms of allergic rhinitis by inhibiting the impulse of the parasympathetic nerve but also modulated the T-helper type 2-predominant immune reaction, expression of neuropeptides, and related inflammation factors.
BACKGROUND: Anticholinergic drugs or vidian neurectomy can alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To show that inhibition of the cholinergic nerve influences the balance of T-helper type 1 and 2 cells in allergic rhinitismice. METHODS: Twenty-four mice were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups: control, model, model with ipratropium bromide treatment, and model with 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Allergic model-treated mice were sensitized with ovalbumin. Evaluation of allergic symptoms was recorded according to a symptom score. Ovalbumin serum IgE was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of interleukin-4, interferon-γ, forkhead box P3, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis. RESULTS: Symptoms in allergicmice were significantly alleviated by ipratropium bromide. Ovalbumin serum IgE and eosinophils of nasal mucosa were significantly decreased. Interleukin-4 expression level was significantly higher in the allergic model group than in the control group and significantly decreased by ipratropium bromide (P < .05). In contrast, the expression of forkhead box P3 was lower in the allergic model group than in the control group and increased with treatment by ipratropium bromide (P < .05). Conversely, interferon-γ expression was not changed by anticholinergic treatment in the nasal mucosa of allergicmice. Expression of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide was significantly increased in allergicmice and decreased by ipratropium bromide. Sympathetic denervation did not change the expression of interleukin-4, interferon-γ, forkhead box P3, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. CONCLUSION: inhibition of the cholinergic nerve not only alleviated symptoms of allergic rhinitis by inhibiting the impulse of the parasympathetic nerve but also modulated the T-helper type 2-predominant immune reaction, expression of neuropeptides, and related inflammation factors.