Scott N Compton1, Tara S Peris2, Daniel Almirall3, Boris Birmaher4, Joel Sherrill5, Phillip C Kendall6, John S March1, Elizabeth A Gosch7, Golda S Ginsburg8, Moira A Rynn9, John C Piacentini10, James T McCracken10, Courtney P Keeton8, Cynthia M Suveg11, Sasha G Aschenbrand9, Dara Sakolsky4, Satish Iyengar4, John T Walkup12, Anne Marie Albano9. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center. 2. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles. 3. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. 4. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 5. Division of Services and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health. 6. Department of Psychology, Temple University. 7. Department of Psychology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. 8. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins Hospital. 9. Department of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center. 10. John C. Piacentini and James T. McCracken, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles. 11. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia. 12. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes among 488 youths ages 7-17 years (50% female; 74% ≤ 12 years) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for diagnoses of separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder who were randomly assigned to receive either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT), their combination (COMB), or medication management with pill placebo (PBO) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). METHOD: Six classes of predictor and moderator variables (22 variables) were identified from the literature and examined using continuous (Pediatric Anxiety Ratings Scale; PARS) and categorical (Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement; CGI-I) outcome measures. RESULTS: Three baseline variables predicted better outcomes (independent of treatment condition) on the PARS, including low anxiety severity (as measured by parents and independent evaluators) and caregiver strain. No baseline variables were found to predict Week 12 responder status (CGI-I). Participants' principal diagnosis moderated treatment outcomes but only on the PARS. No baseline variables were found to moderate treatment outcomes on Week 12 responder status (CGI-I). DISCUSSION: Overall, anxious children responded favorably to CAMS treatments. However, having more severe and impairing anxiety, greater caregiver strain, and a principal diagnosis of social phobia were associated with less favorable outcomes. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine predictors and moderators of treatment outcomes among 488 youths ages 7-17 years (50% female; 74% ≤ 12 years) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for diagnoses of separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder who were randomly assigned to receive either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT), their combination (COMB), or medication management with pill placebo (PBO) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). METHOD: Six classes of predictor and moderator variables (22 variables) were identified from the literature and examined using continuous (Pediatric Anxiety Ratings Scale; PARS) and categorical (Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement; CGI-I) outcome measures. RESULTS: Three baseline variables predicted better outcomes (independent of treatment condition) on the PARS, including low anxiety severity (as measured by parents and independent evaluators) and caregiver strain. No baseline variables were found to predict Week 12 responder status (CGI-I). Participants' principal diagnosis moderated treatment outcomes but only on the PARS. No baseline variables were found to moderate treatment outcomes on Week 12 responder status (CGI-I). DISCUSSION: Overall, anxious children responded favorably to CAMS treatments. However, having more severe and impairing anxiety, greater caregiver strain, and a principal diagnosis of social phobia were associated with less favorable outcomes. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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