BACKGROUND: Although unemployment may be a stressful life event, its association with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. This study examines the association between unemployment and later hospitalisation due to CHD. METHODS: The study was based on a Swedish military conscription cohort of 18 to 20-year-old men from 1969/1970 (n=49 321) with information provided on health status and health behaviours. Information on unemployment in middle age was obtained from national registers. CHD information was obtained from hospital registers and the cause of death register. Cox proportional hazard analyses were run on the 39 243 individuals who were in paid employment in 1996 and 1997. RESULTS: It was found that ≥90 days of unemployment was associated with subsequent CHD during 8 years follow-up (crude HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.75). Controlling for known risk factors for CHD reduced the association but a significant association remained (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.48); ≥90 days of unemployment was significantly associated with CHD during the first 4 years (HR adjusted for known risk factors=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment was associated with increased risk of CHD after adjustment for confounders. We interpret the increased risk of CHD associated with unemployment as potentially the somatic result of a process started by stress.
BACKGROUND: Although unemployment may be a stressful life event, its association with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. This study examines the association between unemployment and later hospitalisation due to CHD. METHODS: The study was based on a Swedish military conscription cohort of 18 to 20-year-old men from 1969/1970 (n=49 321) with information provided on health status and health behaviours. Information on unemployment in middle age was obtained from national registers. CHD information was obtained from hospital registers and the cause of death register. Cox proportional hazard analyses were run on the 39 243 individuals who were in paid employment in 1996 and 1997. RESULTS: It was found that ≥90 days of unemployment was associated with subsequent CHD during 8 years follow-up (crude HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.75). Controlling for known risk factors for CHD reduced the association but a significant association remained (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.48); ≥90 days of unemployment was significantly associated with CHD during the first 4 years (HR adjusted for known risk factors=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment was associated with increased risk of CHD after adjustment for confounders. We interpret the increased risk of CHD associated with unemployment as potentially the somatic result of a process started by stress.
Authors: Tuulia Varanka-Ruuska; Nina Rautio; Heli Lehtiniemi; Jouko Miettunen; Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi; Sylvain Sebert; Leena Ala-Mursula Journal: Int J Public Health Date: 2017-11-23 Impact factor: 3.380
Authors: Amin Daoulah; Osama E Elkhateeb; S Ali Nasseri; Mushabab Al-Murayeh; Salem Al-Kaabi; Amir Lotfi; Mohamed N Alama; Salem M Al-Faifi; Mamdouh Haddara; Ciaran M Dixon; Ibrahim S Alzahrani; Abdullah A Alghamdi; Waleed Ahmed; Adnan Fathey; Ejazul Haq; Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali Journal: Open Cardiovasc Med J Date: 2017-04-28
Authors: Osvaldo Santos; Elisa Lopes; Ana Virgolino; Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska; Alexandra Dinis; Sara Ambrósio; Maria João Heitor Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2018-02-07 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Richard Todd Niemeier; Pamela R D Williams; Alan Rossner; Jane E Clougherty; Glenn E Rice Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-08-31 Impact factor: 3.390