Daniel Fuster1, Debbie M Cheng, Emily K Quinn, Kaku A Armah, Richard Saitz, Matthew S Freiberg, Jeffrey H Samet, Judith I Tsui. 1. aClinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine bDepartment of Biostatistics cData Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts dDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health eDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania fDepartment of Epidemiology gDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation and alterations in levels of inflammatory cytokines. The association between cytokine levels and mortality in HIV infection is not fully understood. METHODS: We analyzed data from a cohort of HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems who were recruited in 2001-2003, and were prospectively followed until 2010 for mortality using the National Death Index. The main independent variables were inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and cystatin-C], measured at baseline in peripheral blood and categorized as high (defined as being in the highest quartile) vs. low. A secondary analysis was conducted using inflammatory burden score, defined as the number of biomarkers in the highest quartile (0, 1, 2 or ≥ 3). Cox models were used to assess the association between both biomarker levels and inflammatory burden with mortality adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Four hundred HIV-infected patients were included (74.8% men, mean age 42 years, 50% hepatitis C virus-infected). As of 31 December 2009, 85 patients had died. In individual multivariable analyses for each biomarker, high levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio=2.49 (1.69-5.12), P<0.01] and [hazard ratio=1.87 (1.11-3.15), P=0.02], respectively. There was also a significant association between inflammatory burden score and mortality [hazard ratio=2.18 (1.29-3.66) for ≥ 3 vs. 0, P=0.04]. In the fully adjusted multivariable analysis, high levels of IL-6 remained independently associated with mortality [hazard ratio=2.57 (1.58-4.82), P<0.01]. CONCLUSION: High IL-6 levels and inflammatory burden score were associated with mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems.
BACKGROUND:HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation and alterations in levels of inflammatory cytokines. The association between cytokine levels and mortality in HIV infection is not fully understood. METHODS: We analyzed data from a cohort of HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems who were recruited in 2001-2003, and were prospectively followed until 2010 for mortality using the National Death Index. The main independent variables were inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and cystatin-C], measured at baseline in peripheral blood and categorized as high (defined as being in the highest quartile) vs. low. A secondary analysis was conducted using inflammatory burden score, defined as the number of biomarkers in the highest quartile (0, 1, 2 or ≥ 3). Cox models were used to assess the association between both biomarker levels and inflammatory burden with mortality adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Four hundred HIV-infectedpatients were included (74.8% men, mean age 42 years, 50% hepatitis C virus-infected). As of 31 December 2009, 85 patients had died. In individual multivariable analyses for each biomarker, high levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio=2.49 (1.69-5.12), P<0.01] and [hazard ratio=1.87 (1.11-3.15), P=0.02], respectively. There was also a significant association between inflammatory burden score and mortality [hazard ratio=2.18 (1.29-3.66) for ≥ 3 vs. 0, P=0.04]. In the fully adjusted multivariable analysis, high levels of IL-6 remained independently associated with mortality [hazard ratio=2.57 (1.58-4.82), P<0.01]. CONCLUSION: High IL-6 levels and inflammatory burden score were associated with mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems.
Authors: Daniel Fuster; Debbie M Cheng; Emily K Quinn; David Nunes; Richard Saitz; Jeffrey H Samet; Judith I Tsui Journal: Addiction Date: 2013-10-24 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Gyongyi Szabo; Costica Aloman; Stephen J Polyak; Steven A Weinman; Jack Wands; Sam Zakhari Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2006-04 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Jeffrey H Samet; Sharon J Phillips; Nicholas J Horton; Elizabeth T Traphagen; Kenneth A Freedberg Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Natalia Gnatienko; Matthew S Freiberg; Elena Blokhina; Tatiana Yaroslavtseva; Carly Bridden; Debbie M Cheng; Christine E Chaisson; Dmitry Lioznov; Sally Bendiks; Glory Koerbel; Sharon M Coleman; Evgeny Krupitsky; Jeffrey H Samet Journal: HIV Clin Trials Date: 2018-04-17
Authors: Martyn A French; Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri; Roberto C Arduino; Margaret Johnson; Amit C Achhra; Alan Landay Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-04-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Manuela G Neuman; Yaakov Maor; Radu M Nanau; Ehud Melzer; Haim Mell; Mihai Opris; Lawrence Cohen; Stephen Malnick Journal: Biomolecules Date: 2015-08-28
Authors: Francesco Nicoli; Mkunde Chachage; Petra Clowes; Asli Bauer; Dickens Kowour; Barbara Ensoli; Aurelio Cafaro; Leonard Maboko; Michael Hoelscher; Riccardo Gavioli; Elmar Saathoff; Christof Geldmacher Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2016-07-22 Impact factor: 3.090