Pranav Nanda1, Neeraj Tandon2, Ian T Mathew3, Christoforos I Giakoumatos3, Hulegar A Abhishekh4, Brett A Clementz5, Godfrey D Pearlson6, John Sweeney7, Carol A Tamminga7, Matcheri S Keshavan8. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. 4. Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India. 5. Department of Psychology , BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. 6. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 7. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: keshavanms@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychotic disorders are characterized by aberrant neural connectivity. Alterations in gyrification, the pattern and degree of cortical folding, may be related to the early development of connectivity. Past gyrification studies have relatively small sample sizes, yield mixed results for schizophrenia, and are scant for psychotic bipolar and schizoaffective (SZA) disorders and for relatives of these conditions. Here, we examine gyrification in psychotic disorder patients and their first-degree relatives as a possible endophenotype. METHODS: Regional local gyrification index (LGI) values, as measured by FreeSurfer software, were compared between 243 control subjects, 388 psychotic disorder probands, and 300 of their first-degree relatives. For patients, LGI values were examined grouped across psychotic diagnoses and then separately for schizophrenia, SZA, and bipolar disorder. Familiality (heritability) values and correlations with clinical measures were also calculated for regional LGI values. RESULTS: Probands exhibited significant hypogyria compared with control subjects in three brain regions and relatives with Axis II cluster A disorders showed nearly significant hypogyria in these same regions. Local gyrification index values in these locations were significantly heritable and uncorrelated with any clinical measure. Observations of significant hypogyria were most widespread in SZA. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic disorders appear to be characterized by significant regionally localized hypogyria, particularly in cingulate cortex. This abnormality may be a structural endophenotype marking risk for psychotic illness and it may help elucidate etiological underpinnings of psychotic disorders.
BACKGROUND:Psychotic disorders are characterized by aberrant neural connectivity. Alterations in gyrification, the pattern and degree of cortical folding, may be related to the early development of connectivity. Past gyrification studies have relatively small sample sizes, yield mixed results for schizophrenia, and are scant for psychotic bipolar and schizoaffective (SZA) disorders and for relatives of these conditions. Here, we examine gyrification in psychotic disorderpatients and their first-degree relatives as a possible endophenotype. METHODS: Regional local gyrification index (LGI) values, as measured by FreeSurfer software, were compared between 243 control subjects, 388 psychotic disorder probands, and 300 of their first-degree relatives. For patients, LGI values were examined grouped across psychotic diagnoses and then separately for schizophrenia, SZA, and bipolar disorder. Familiality (heritability) values and correlations with clinical measures were also calculated for regional LGI values. RESULTS: Probands exhibited significant hypogyria compared with control subjects in three brain regions and relatives with Axis II cluster A disorders showed nearly significant hypogyria in these same regions. Local gyrification index values in these locations were significantly heritable and uncorrelated with any clinical measure. Observations of significant hypogyria were most widespread in SZA. CONCLUSIONS:Psychotic disorders appear to be characterized by significant regionally localized hypogyria, particularly in cingulate cortex. This abnormality may be a structural endophenotype marking risk for psychotic illness and it may help elucidate etiological underpinnings of psychotic disorders.
Authors: Rahul S Desikan; Florent Ségonne; Bruce Fischl; Brian T Quinn; Bradford C Dickerson; Deborah Blacker; Randy L Buckner; Anders M Dale; R Paul Maguire; Bradley T Hyman; Marilyn S Albert; Ronald J Killiany Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2006-03-10 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Anna R Docherty; Donald J Hagler; Matthew S Panizzon; Michael C Neale; Lisa T Eyler; Christine Fennema-Notestine; Carol E Franz; Amy Jak; Michael J Lyons; Daniel A Rinker; Wesley K Thompson; Ming T Tsuang; Anders M Dale; William S Kremen Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2014-11-26 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: C I Giakoumatos; P Nanda; I T Mathew; N Tandon; J Shah; J R Bishop; B A Clementz; G D Pearlson; J A Sweeney; C A Tamminga; M S Keshavan Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2014-12-23 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Amanda L Rodrigue; Jennifer E McDowell; Neeraj Tandon; Matcheri S Keshavan; Carol A Tamminga; Godfrey D Pearlson; John A Sweeney; Robert D Gibbons; Brett A Clementz Journal: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging Date: 2018-03-31
Authors: Matthew E Hudgens-Haney; Brett A Clementz; Elena I Ivleva; Matcheri S Keshavan; Godfrey D Pearlson; Elliot S Gershon; Sarah K Keedy; John A Sweeney; Florence Gaudoux; Pierre Bunouf; Benoit Canolle; Françoise Tonner; Silvia Gatti-McArthur; Carol A Tamminga Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-02-11 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: C Christoph Schultz; Gerd Wagner; Feliberto de la Cruz; Sandy Berger; Jürgen R Reichenbach; Heinrich Sauer; Karl J Bär Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2015-12-17 Impact factor: 5.270