Stephen F Smagula1, Charles F Reynolds2, Sonia Ancoli-Israel3, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor4, Thuy-Tien Dam5, Jan M Hughes-Austin4, Misti Paudel6, Susan Redline7, Katie L Stone8, Jane A Cauley9. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of UPMC, Pennsylvania. Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 3. Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla. VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), San Diego, California. 4. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 5. Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Columbia University, New York. 6. Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 7. Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 8. Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. jcauley@edc.pitt.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of mood and anxiety symptoms with sleep architecture (the distribution of sleep stages) in community-dwelling older men. METHOD: We used in-home unattended polysomnography to measure sleep architecture in older men. Men were categorized into 4 mental health categories: (a) significant depressive symptoms only (DEP+ only, Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 6), (b) significant anxiety symptoms only (ANX+ only, Goldberg Anxiety Scale ≥ 5), (c) significant depressive and anxiety symptoms (DEP+/ANX+), or (d) no significant depressive or anxiety symptoms (DEP-/ANX-). RESULTS: Compared with men without clinically significant symptomology, men with depressive symptoms spent a higher percentage of time in Stage 2 sleep (65.42% DEP+ only vs 62.47% DEP-/ANX-, p = .003) and a lower percentage of time in rapid eye movement sleep (17.05% DEP+ only vs 19.44% DEP-/ANX-, p = .0005). These differences persisted after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, medical conditions, medications, and sleep disturbances, and after excluding participants using psychotropic medications. The sleep architecture of ANX+ or DEP+/ANX+ men did not differ from asymptomatic men. DISCUSSION: Depressed mood in older adults may be associated with accelerated age-related changes in sleep architecture. Longitudinal community-based studies using diagnostic measures are needed to further clarify relationships among common mental disorders, aging, and sleep.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of mood and anxiety symptoms with sleep architecture (the distribution of sleep stages) in community-dwelling older men. METHOD: We used in-home unattended polysomnography to measure sleep architecture in older men. Men were categorized into 4 mental health categories: (a) significant depressive symptoms only (DEP+ only, Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 6), (b) significant anxiety symptoms only (ANX+ only, Goldberg Anxiety Scale ≥ 5), (c) significant depressive and anxiety symptoms (DEP+/ANX+), or (d) no significant depressive or anxiety symptoms (DEP-/ANX-). RESULTS: Compared with men without clinically significant symptomology, men with depressive symptoms spent a higher percentage of time in Stage 2 sleep (65.42% DEP+ only vs 62.47% DEP-/ANX-, p = .003) and a lower percentage of time in rapid eye movement sleep (17.05% DEP+ only vs 19.44% DEP-/ANX-, p = .0005). These differences persisted after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, medical conditions, medications, and sleep disturbances, and after excluding participants using psychotropic medications. The sleep architecture of ANX+ or DEP+/ANX+ men did not differ from asymptomatic men. DISCUSSION: Depressed mood in older adults may be associated with accelerated age-related changes in sleep architecture. Longitudinal community-based studies using diagnostic measures are needed to further clarify relationships among common mental disorders, aging, and sleep.
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