AIM: To test the strength of the association between parental monitoring trajectories throughout early adolescence (ages 11-14) and gambling behaviours by young adulthood (age 22). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort design. SETTING: Baltimore, Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: The sample of 514 participants with gambling data between ages 16-22 and parental monitoring data between ages 11-14 were predominantly African American and received subsidized lunches at age 6. MEASUREMENTS: The South Oaks Gambling Screen and South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents collected self-reports on annual gambling and gambling problems between ages 16-22. The Parental Monitoring Subscale of the Structured Interview of Parent Management Skills and Practices-Youth Version collected self-reports on annual parental monitoring between ages 11-14. FINDINGS: General growth mixture modelling identified two parental monitoring trajectories: (i) 'stable' class (84.9%) began with a high level of parental monitoring at age 11 that remained steady to age 14; (ii) 'declining' class (15.1%) began with a significantly lower level of parental monitoring at age 11 and experienced a significant to through age 14. The declining class had increased significantly unadjusted (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.23; P ≤ 0.001) and adjusted (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.99; P = 0.01) odds of problem gambling compared with non-gambling. CONCLUSION: Low and/or declining parental monitoring of children between the ages of 11 and 14 is associated significantly with problem gambling when those children reach young adulthood.
RCT Entities:
AIM: To test the strength of the association between parental monitoring trajectories throughout early adolescence (ages 11-14) and gambling behaviours by young adulthood (age 22). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort design. SETTING: Baltimore, Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: The sample of 514 participants with gambling data between ages 16-22 and parental monitoring data between ages 11-14 were predominantly African American and received subsidized lunches at age 6. MEASUREMENTS: The South Oaks Gambling Screen and South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents collected self-reports on annual gambling and gambling problems between ages 16-22. The Parental Monitoring Subscale of the Structured Interview of Parent Management Skills and Practices-Youth Version collected self-reports on annual parental monitoring between ages 11-14. FINDINGS: General growth mixture modelling identified two parental monitoring trajectories: (i) 'stable' class (84.9%) began with a high level of parental monitoring at age 11 that remained steady to age 14; (ii) 'declining' class (15.1%) began with a significantly lower level of parental monitoring at age 11 and experienced a significant to through age 14. The declining class had increased significantly unadjusted (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.23; P ≤ 0.001) and adjusted (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.99; P = 0.01) odds of problem gambling compared with non-gambling. CONCLUSION: Low and/or declining parental monitoring of children between the ages of 11 and 14 is associated significantly with problem gambling when those children reach young adulthood.
Authors: Silvia S Martins; Weiwei Liu; Sarra L Hedden; Asha Goldweber; Carla L Storr; Jeffrey L Derevensky; Randy Stinchfield; Nicholas S Ialongo; Hanno Petras Journal: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Date: 2013-02-14
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