AIM: To describe and analyse factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) severity in hospitalised medical intensive care unit patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with CDI in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a French university hospital. We include patients hospitalised between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011. Data on demographics characteristics, past medical history, CDI description was collected. Exposure to risk factors associated with CDI within 8 wk before CDI was recorded, including previous hospitalisation, nursing home residency, antibiotics, antisecretory drugs, and surgical procedures. RESULTS: All included cases had their first episode of CDI. The mean incidence rate was 12.94 cases/1000 admitted patients, and 14.93, 8.52, 13.24, 19.70, and 8.31 respectively per 1000 admitted patients annually from 2007 to 2011. Median age was 62.9 [interquartile range (IQR) 55.4-72.40] years, and 13 (32.5%) were women. Median length of MICU stay was 14.0 d (IQR 5.0-22.8). In addition to diarrhoea, the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever (> 38 °C) in 23 patients, abdominal pain in 15 patients, and ileus in 1 patient. The duration of diarrhoea was 13.0 (8.0-19.5) d. In addition to diarrhoea, the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever (> 38 °C) in 23 patients, abdominal pain in 15 patients, and ileus in 1 patient. Prior to CDI, 38 patients (95.0%) were exposed to antibiotics, and 12 (30%) received at least 4 antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones, 3(rd) generation cephalosporins, coamoxiclav and tazocillin were prescribed most frequently (65%, 55%, 40% and 37.5%, respectively). The majority of cases were hospital-acquired (n = 36, 90%), with 5 cases (13.9%) being MICU-acquired. Fifteen patients had severe CDI. The crude mortality rate within 30 d after diagnosis was 40% (n = 16), with 9 deaths (9 over 16; 56.3%) related to CDI. Of our 40 patients, 15 (37.5%) had severe CDI. Multivariate logistic regression showed that male gender [odds ratio (OR): 8.45; 95%CI: 1.06-67.16, P = 0.044], rising serum C-reactive protein levels (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.02-1.21, P = 0.021), and previous exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR = 9.29; 95%CI: 1.16-74.284, P = 0.036) were independently associated with severe CDI. CONCLUSION: We report predictors of severe CDI not dependent on time of assessment. Such factors could help in the development of a quantitative score in ICU's patients.
AIM: To describe and analyse factors associated with Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) severity in hospitalised medical intensive care unit patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with CDI in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a French university hospital. We include patients hospitalised between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011. Data on demographics characteristics, past medical history, CDI description was collected. Exposure to risk factors associated with CDI within 8 wk before CDI was recorded, including previous hospitalisation, nursing home residency, antibiotics, antisecretory drugs, and surgical procedures. RESULTS: All included cases had their first episode of CDI. The mean incidence rate was 12.94 cases/1000 admitted patients, and 14.93, 8.52, 13.24, 19.70, and 8.31 respectively per 1000 admitted patients annually from 2007 to 2011. Median age was 62.9 [interquartile range (IQR) 55.4-72.40] years, and 13 (32.5%) were women. Median length of MICU stay was 14.0 d (IQR 5.0-22.8). In addition to diarrhoea, the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever (> 38 °C) in 23 patients, abdominal pain in 15 patients, and ileus in 1 patient. The duration of diarrhoea was 13.0 (8.0-19.5) d. In addition to diarrhoea, the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever (> 38 °C) in 23 patients, abdominal pain in 15 patients, and ileus in 1 patient. Prior to CDI, 38 patients (95.0%) were exposed to antibiotics, and 12 (30%) received at least 4 antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones, 3(rd) generation cephalosporins, coamoxiclav and tazocillin were prescribed most frequently (65%, 55%, 40% and 37.5%, respectively). The majority of cases were hospital-acquired (n = 36, 90%), with 5 cases (13.9%) being MICU-acquired. Fifteen patients had severe CDI. The crude mortality rate within 30 d after diagnosis was 40% (n = 16), with 9 deaths (9 over 16; 56.3%) related to CDI. Of our 40 patients, 15 (37.5%) had severe CDI. Multivariate logistic regression showed that male gender [odds ratio (OR): 8.45; 95%CI: 1.06-67.16, P = 0.044], rising serum C-reactive protein levels (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.02-1.21, P = 0.021), and previous exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR = 9.29; 95%CI: 1.16-74.284, P = 0.036) were independently associated with severe CDI. CONCLUSION: We report predictors of severe CDI not dependent on time of assessment. Such factors could help in the development of a quantitative score in ICU's patients.
Entities:
Keywords:
Clostridium difficile; Health-care associated infection; Hospital-acquired infection; Intensive care unit; Nosocomial infection; Severe Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Michael D Howell; Victor Novack; Philip Grgurich; Diane Soulliard; Lena Novack; Michael Pencina; Daniel Talmor Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2010-05-10
Authors: M Catherine McEllistrem; Robert J Carman; Dale N Gerding; C W Genheimer; L Zheng Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2004-12-15 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Saif A Musa; Carl Moran; Sam J Thomson; Matthew L Cowan; Greg McAnulty; Michael Grounds; Tony Manibur Rahman Journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth Date: 2011-04 Impact factor: 2.628
Authors: Erik R Dubberke; Anne M Butler; Kimberly A Reske; Denis Agniel; Margaret A Olsen; Gina D'Angelo; L Clifford McDonald; Victoria J Fraser Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2008-07 Impact factor: 6.883
Authors: Zsuzsanna Kurti; Barbara D Lovasz; Michael D Mandel; Zoltan Csima; Petra A Golovics; Bence D Csako; Anna Mohas; Lorant Gönczi; Krisztina B Gecse; Lajos S Kiss; Miklos Szathmari; Peter L Lakatos Journal: World J Gastroenterol Date: 2015-06-07 Impact factor: 5.742
Authors: Anca Trifan; Carol Stanciu; Irina Girleanu; Oana Cristina Stoica; Ana Maria Singeap; Roxana Maxim; Stefan Andrei Chiriac; Alin Ciobica; Lucian Boiculese Journal: World J Gastroenterol Date: 2017-09-21 Impact factor: 5.742