Manja Koch1, Jan Borggrefe, Janett Barbaresko, Godo Groth, Gunnar Jacobs, Sabine Siegert, Wolfgang Lieb, Manfred James Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Martin Heller, Ute Nöthlings. 1. Institutes of Epidemiology (MK and WL), Experimental Medicine (MK, J Barbaresko, SS, and UN), and Human Nutrition and Food Science (MJM), Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany; the Department of Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J Borggrefe); Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany (J Barbaresko and UN); the Clinic for Diagnostic Radiology (GG and MH) and PopGen Biobank (GJ), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and the Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany (AB-W).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association between diet and fatty liver disease (FLD) has predominantly been analyzed for single nutrients or foods, and findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare associations of hypothesis-driven and exploratory dietary pattern scores with liver fat content. DESIGN: Liver fat was measured by using magnetic resonance imaging as liver signal intensity (LSI) in a population-based, cross-sectional study that included 354 individuals. We applied partial least-squares regression to derive an exploratory dietary pattern score that explained variation in both the intake of 38 food groups, which were assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire, and LSI. The hypothesis-driven score was calculated on the basis of published studies. Multivariable linear or logistic regression was used to investigate associations between dietary pattern scores and LSI or FLD. RESULTS: A higher percentage of LSI variation was explained by the exploratory (12.6%) compared with the hypothesis-driven (2.2%) dietary pattern. Of the 13 most important food groups of the exploratory dietary pattern, intakes of green and black tea, soups, and beer were also individually associated with LSI values. A 1-unit increase in the exploratory dietary pattern score was positively associated with FLD (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.88). Furthermore, a 1-unit increase in the hypothesis-driven dietary pattern score, which consisted of alcohol, soft drinks, meat, coffee, and tea, was positively associated with FLD (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43). CONCLUSION: We defined a hypothesis-driven dietary pattern and derived an exploratory dietary pattern, both of which included alcohol, meat (poultry), and tea, associated with liver fat content independent from confounders, which should be explored in prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: The association between diet and fatty liver disease (FLD) has predominantly been analyzed for single nutrients or foods, and findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare associations of hypothesis-driven and exploratory dietary pattern scores with liver fat content. DESIGN: Liver fat was measured by using magnetic resonance imaging as liver signal intensity (LSI) in a population-based, cross-sectional study that included 354 individuals. We applied partial least-squares regression to derive an exploratory dietary pattern score that explained variation in both the intake of 38 food groups, which were assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire, and LSI. The hypothesis-driven score was calculated on the basis of published studies. Multivariable linear or logistic regression was used to investigate associations between dietary pattern scores and LSI or FLD. RESULTS: A higher percentage of LSI variation was explained by the exploratory (12.6%) compared with the hypothesis-driven (2.2%) dietary pattern. Of the 13 most important food groups of the exploratory dietary pattern, intakes of green and black tea, soups, and beer were also individually associated with LSI values. A 1-unit increase in the exploratory dietary pattern score was positively associated with FLD (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.88). Furthermore, a 1-unit increase in the hypothesis-driven dietary pattern score, which consisted of alcohol, soft drinks, meat, coffee, and tea, was positively associated with FLD (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43). CONCLUSION: We defined a hypothesis-driven dietary pattern and derived an exploratory dietary pattern, both of which included alcohol, meat (poultry), and tea, associated with liver fat content independent from confounders, which should be explored in prospective studies.
Authors: M Koch; S Freitag-Wolf; S Schlesinger; J Borggrefe; J R Hov; M K Jensen; J Pick; M R P Markus; T Höpfner; G Jacobs; S Siegert; A Artati; G Kastenmüller; W Römisch-Margl; J Adamski; T Illig; M Nothnagel; T H Karlsen; S Schreiber; A Franke; M Krawczak; U Nöthlings; W Lieb Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2017-04-05 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Tanyaporn K Kaenkumchorn; Melissa A Merritt; Unhee Lim; Loïc Le Marchand; Carol J Boushey; John A Shepherd; Lynne R Wilkens; Thomas Ernst; Johanna W Lampe Journal: J Nutr Date: 2021-11-02 Impact factor: 4.687
Authors: Romina di Giuseppe; Manja Koch; Ute Nöthlings; Gabi Kastenmüller; Anna Artati; Jerzy Adamski; Gunnar Jacobs; Wolfgang Lieb Journal: Endocrine Date: 2018-11-17 Impact factor: 3.633
Authors: Gertraud Maskarinec; Unhee Lim; Simone Jacobs; Kristine R Monroe; Thomas Ernst; Steven D Buchthal; John A Shepherd; Lynne R Wilkens; Loïc Le Marchand; Carol J Boushey Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2017-08 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Zhuoran Yin; Divya D Raj; Wandert Schaafsma; Roel A van der Heijden; Susanne M Kooistra; Aaffien C Reijne; Xiaoming Zhang; Jill Moser; Nieske Brouwer; Peter Heeringa; Chun-Xia Yi; Gertjan van Dijk; Jon D Laman; Erik W G M Boddeke; Bart J L Eggen Journal: Front Mol Neurosci Date: 2018-03-12 Impact factor: 5.639