Localization of membrane-associated calcium following cytokinin treatment in Funaria using chlorotetracycline.

We have investigated the changes in membrane-associated calcium that occur during cytokinin induced bud formation in Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. using the fluorescent Ca(2+)-chelate probe chlorotetracycline (CTC). In the target caulonema cells a localization of CTC fluorescent material becomes evident at the presumptive bud site 12 h after cytokinin treatment. By the time of the initial asymmetric division this region is four times as fluorescent as the entire caulonema cell. Bright CTC fluorescence remains localized in the dividing cells of the bud. To relate the changes in CTC fluorescence to changes in Ca(2+) as opposed to membrane-density changes we employed the general membrane marker N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN). NPN fluorescence increases only 1.5 times in the initial bud cell. We conclude that the relative amount of Ca(2+) per quantity of membrane increases in this localized area and is maintained throughout bud formation. We suggest that these increases in membrane-associated Ca(2+) indicate a localized rise in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration brought about by cytokinin action.