Development of membrane- and calcium-gradients during pollen germination of Lilium longiflorum.

Chlorotetracyclin (10(-4)M) has been used to observe the distribution of membrane-associated calcium during pollen germination of Lilium longiflorum. For comparison, the general membrane distribution has been determined with 4·10(-5) M fluorescamine. The pollen grains show a calcium gradient with either weak or strong chlorotetracycline-fluorescence intensity, but always increasing toward the germination colpus. This gradient intensifies during germination, reaching a maximum before the pollen tube emerges. The typical tip-to-base calcium gradient of the tube does not change during growth. Independent of the developmental stage, the pollen grains show a flat fluorescamine-fluorescence gradient with the highest intensity in one half of the grain. Pollen tubes reveal a tip-to-base membrane gradient, independent of their length. As an additional marker for membrane distribution, the distribution of phosphorus, measured by proton-induced X-ray emission in chemically fixed tubes, has been used. A tip-to-base phosphorus gradient, distinct from the calcium gradient measured with the same method, was detected.