Imageless computer-assisted versus conventional total hip arthroplasty: one surgeon's initial experience.

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) systems are advocated to improve component positioning in THA, though potential operative risks and costs of CAS have fueled debate. The present study examines the radiographic outcomes, operative efficiency, cost, and midterm functional outcomes for patients who underwent THA, either with CAS or conventional instrumentation. Patient baseline characteristics were recorded for 126 lower-extremities in the CAS series, and 215 in the conventional series. There was no difference in Harris Hip Score or leg length discrepancy between series. Inclination angle, blood loss, and operating room times were increased for CAS. These results suggest that CAS confers no advantage over conventional methods regarding accuracy of THA component placement, drives unreimbursed increases in procedure costs, may expose patients to additional operative risk, and produces no functional benefit at midterm follow-up.