The breakdown of myelin-bound proteins by intra- and extracellular proteases.

Changes in protein components of purified myelin were measured following incubation in vitro with purified intra- and extracellular enzymes. Incubation with calf brain cathepsin D did not result in a significant relese of acid-soluble peptides as measured by ninhydrin analysis but was accompanied by a large loss of myelin proteins as determined on SDS-acrylamide gels. After 5 hr at 37°C there was a loss of about 25% for fast and slow basic proteins and the Agrawal proteolipid, but only a 5-10% loss for the Folch-Lees and Wolfgram components. Rat brain cathepsin D prepared by affinity chromatography gave a 30-60% breakdown of basic proteins and proteolipids. In general, breakdown using lyophilized myelin was increased over two-fold as compared to experiments with fresh myelin. Breakdown induced by cathepsin D was completely inhibited by the pentapeptide pepstatin. Incubation of myelin at physiological pH resulted in an endogenous breakdown of about 12% for basic proteins in freshly prepared, and 50% for lyophilized material. Addition of a soluble neutral proteinase that splits hemoglobin did not induce additional breakdown except for a small change in the Folch-Lees component. The extracellular enzymes pepsin and TPCK-treated trypsin resulted in a larger breakdown of all components as compared to brain enzymes. Present results demonstrate that all protein components of myelin are accessible to hydrolases and vulnerable to breakdown to varying extents by brain enzymes. These facts are consistent with the known rates for myelin protein turnover and may have a bearing on changes associated with demyelinating diseases.