Hannah Carliner1, Pamela Y Collins2, Leopoldo J Cabassa3, Ann McNallen4, Sarah S Joestl5, Roberto Lewis-Fernández6. 1. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: hcarliner@mail.harvard.edu. 2. Office for Research on Disparities and Global Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA. 4. Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 5. Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Hispanic Treatment Program, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: People with serious mental illness (SMI) die at least 11 years earlier than the general U.S. population, on average, due largely to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Disparities in CVD morbidity and mortality also occur among some U.S. racial and ethnic minorities. The combined effect of race/ethnicity and SMI on CVD-related risk factors, however, remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a critical literature review of studies assessing the prevalence of CVD risk factors (overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity) among U.S. racial/ethnic groups with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published between 1986 and 2013. The search ultimately yielded 40 articles. There was great variation in sampling, methodology, and study populations. Results were mixed, though there was some evidence for increased risk for obesity and diabetes mellitus among African Americans, and to a lesser degree for Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Sex emerged as an important possible effect modifier of risk, as women had higher CVD risk among all racial/ethnic subgroups where stratified analyses were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to general population estimates, there was some evidence for an additive risk for CVD risk factors among racial/ethnic minorities with SMI. Future studies should include longitudinal assessment, stratification by sex, subgroup analyses to clarify the mechanisms leading to potentially elevated risk, and the evaluation of culturally appropriate interventions to eliminate the extra burden of disease in this population.
OBJECTIVE:People with serious mental illness (SMI) die at least 11 years earlier than the general U.S. population, on average, due largely to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Disparities in CVD morbidity and mortality also occur among some U.S. racial and ethnic minorities. The combined effect of race/ethnicity and SMI on CVD-related risk factors, however, remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a critical literature review of studies assessing the prevalence of CVD risk factors (overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity) among U.S. racial/ethnic groups with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published between 1986 and 2013. The search ultimately yielded 40 articles. There was great variation in sampling, methodology, and study populations. Results were mixed, though there was some evidence for increased risk for obesity and diabetes mellitus among African Americans, and to a lesser degree for Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Sex emerged as an important possible effect modifier of risk, as women had higher CVD risk among all racial/ethnic subgroups where stratified analyses were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to general population estimates, there was some evidence for an additive risk for CVD risk factors among racial/ethnic minorities with SMI. Future studies should include longitudinal assessment, stratification by sex, subgroup analyses to clarify the mechanisms leading to potentially elevated risk, and the evaluation of culturally appropriate interventions to eliminate the extra burden of disease in this population.
Authors: Tené T Lewis; Susan A Everson-Rose; Lynda H Powell; Karen A Matthews; Charlotte Brown; Kelly Karavolos; Kim Sutton-Tyrrell; Elizabeth Jacobs; Deidre Wesley Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2006 May-Jun Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Benjamin G Druss; Silke A von Esenwein; Michael T Compton; Kimberly J Rask; Liping Zhao; Ruth M Parker Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2009-12-15 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Rachel L Johnson; Somnath Saha; Jose J Arbelaez; Mary Catherine Beach; Lisa A Cooper Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Jeffrey Cardenas; Mark A Frye; Susan L Marusak; Eric M Levander; Jason W Chirichigno; Stryder Lewis; Shoshanna Nakelsky; Sun Hwang; Jim Mintz; Lori L Altshuler Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2007-07-12 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Jonathan M Meyer; Lisa C Rosenblatt; Edward Kim; Ross A Baker; Richard Whitehead Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2008-12-16 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: Kristin R Baughman; Natalie Bonfine; Sara E Dugan; Richard Adams; Mary Gallagher; R Scott Olds; Elizabeth Piatt; Christian Ritter Journal: Community Ment Health J Date: 2015-11-26
Authors: Cemil Zencir; Filiz A Ozdemiroglu; Mustafa Cetin; Sibel N Avcil; Mithat Selvi; Hasan Gungor; Cagdas Akgullu; Ebru Findikli; Gurkan Acar Journal: Int J Clin Exp Med Date: 2015-02-15
Authors: Mark R Hawes; Kimberly B Roth; Xiaoyan Wang; Ana Stefancic; Christopher Weatherly; Leopoldo J Cabassa Journal: J Health Care Poor Underserved Date: 2020
Authors: Daniel E Jimenez; Kimberly Burrows; Kelly Aschbrenner; Laura K Barre; Sarah I Pratt; Margarita Alegría; Stephen J Bartels Journal: Transcult Psychiatry Date: 2016-02-12