Sermet Inal1, Sahin Kabay2, M Kasim Cayci3, H Isa Kuru4, Sayit Altikat5, Gizem Akkas6, Aysenur Deger7. 1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: sermetinal@yahoo.com.tr. 2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: skabay@yahoo.com. 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: kcayci@dumlupinar.edu.tr. 4. Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Simav Vocational High School, Dumlupinar University, Turkey. Electronic address: halilisakuru@yahoo.com. 5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: saitaltikat@hotmail.com. 6. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.gizemakkas@gmail.com. 7. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey. Electronic address: ayhade@yahoo.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are particularly used in patients with bone fractures, but there are limited studies on whether one NSAID is superior to another. In this study, we used histopathological and biochemical parameters to determine whether there are differences between the effects of the administration of clinical doses of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT), meloxicam (MEL) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) on the healing of closed fibular fractures and the toxicity of both the liver and kidney. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven each. Closed diaphyseal fractures were formed in the left fibulas of all of the rats. The NSAIDs dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT) (Arveles(®)), meloxicam (MEL) (Melox(®)) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) (Voltaren(®)) were intramuscularly administered to Groups I, II, and III, respectively, for a period of 10 days after the fibular fractures were performed. No pharmacological agents were administered to Group IV (Control group). Blood samples were collected from all of the rats after the fractures were performed, and the rats were sacrificed on day 28. The histopathological findings were compared, and the blood samples were evaluated to determine any differences between the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Our results suggest that DEXT and MEL impair the healing of bone fractures and that DIC does not histopathologically affect the healing process of bone fractures. We also found that DEXT, MEL, and DIC impaired the renal histopathology compared with the control group. However, the liver histopathological analysis showed that DEXT and MEL caused a higher degree of parenchymal necrosis compared with DIC. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, DIC can be considered a relatively safe medication in patients with fractures.
OBJECTIVES: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are particularly used in patients with bone fractures, but there are limited studies on whether one NSAID is superior to another. In this study, we used histopathological and biochemical parameters to determine whether there are differences between the effects of the administration of clinical doses of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT), meloxicam (MEL) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) on the healing of closed fibular fractures and the toxicity of both the liver and kidney. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven each. Closed diaphyseal fractures were formed in the left fibulas of all of the rats. The NSAIDs dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT) (Arveles(®)), meloxicam (MEL) (Melox(®)) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) (Voltaren(®)) were intramuscularly administered to Groups I, II, and III, respectively, for a period of 10 days after the fibular fractures were performed. No pharmacological agents were administered to Group IV (Control group). Blood samples were collected from all of the rats after the fractures were performed, and the rats were sacrificed on day 28. The histopathological findings were compared, and the blood samples were evaluated to determine any differences between the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Our results suggest that DEXT and MEL impair the healing of bone fractures and that DIC does not histopathologically affect the healing process of bone fractures. We also found that DEXT, MEL, and DIC impaired the renal histopathology compared with the control group. However, the liver histopathological analysis showed that DEXT and MEL caused a higher degree of parenchymal necrosis compared with DIC. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, DIC can be considered a relatively safe medication in patients with fractures.