Stephanie A Navarro Silvera1, Susan T Mayne2, Marilie D Gammon3, Thomas L Vaughan4, Wong-Ho Chow5, Joel A Dubin6, Robert Dubrow2, Janet L Stanford7, A Brian West8, Heidrun Rotterdam9, William J Blot10, Harvey A Risch2. 1. Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ. Electronic address: silveras@mail.montclair.edu. 2. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. 3. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109 WA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. 6. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. 7. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA. 8. Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. 9. Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY. 10. International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EA), gastric cardia (GC), and other (noncardia) gastric (OG) sites have been identified, little is known about interactions among risk factors. We sought to examine interactions of diet, other lifestyle, and medical factors with risks of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS: We used classification tree analysis to analyze data from a population-based case-control study (1095 cases, 687 controls) conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington State. RESULTS: Frequency of reported gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms was the most important risk stratification factor for EA, GC, and OG, with dietary factors (EA, OG), smoking (EA, GC), wine intake (GC, OG), age (OG), and income (OG) appearing to modify the risk of these cancer sites. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, smoking was the most important risk stratification factor, with gastroesophageal reflux disease, income, race, noncitrus fruit, and energy intakes further modifying risk. CONCLUSION: Various combinations of risk factors appear to interact to affect risk of each cancer subtype. Replication of these data mining analyses are required before suggesting causal pathways; however, the classification tree results are useful in partitioning risk and mapping multilevel interactions among risk variables.
PURPOSE: Although risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EA), gastric cardia (GC), and other (noncardia) gastric (OG) sites have been identified, little is known about interactions among risk factors. We sought to examine interactions of diet, other lifestyle, and medical factors with risks of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS: We used classification tree analysis to analyze data from a population-based case-control study (1095 cases, 687 controls) conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington State. RESULTS: Frequency of reported gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms was the most important risk stratification factor for EA, GC, and OG, with dietary factors (EA, OG), smoking (EA, GC), wine intake (GC, OG), age (OG), and income (OG) appearing to modify the risk of these cancer sites. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, smoking was the most important risk stratification factor, with gastroesophageal reflux disease, income, race, noncitrus fruit, and energy intakes further modifying risk. CONCLUSION: Various combinations of risk factors appear to interact to affect risk of each cancer subtype. Replication of these data mining analyses are required before suggesting causal pathways; however, the classification tree results are useful in partitioning risk and mapping multilevel interactions among risk variables.
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