The relative accessibility of semantic and deep-structure syntactic concepts.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the relative accessibility of semantic and deep-structure syntactic concepts. In Experiment 1, which employed a concept-formation task, subjects learned the concept "deep-structure subject" more slowly than the case concept "experiencer." In Experiments 2 and 3, which employed a new recognition memory procedure, subjects performed more poorly when the sentences to be remembered were differentiated on the basis of deep-structure syntactic relations than when they were differentiated on the basis of semantic relations. These results favor Fillmore's case grammar, or another semantically based theory, rather than the "standard theory" of Chomsky in a model of linguistic behavior.