Pair discrimination for a continuum of synthetic voiced stops with and without first and third formants.

Phoneme labeling and discrimination experiments were conducted with a continuum of voiced stops produced by a Terminal Analog Speech Synthesizer. The stops ranged from |b| to |d|. Only second formant (F2) transitions changed from one sound to another. (A formant is energy concentrated in a narrow frequency range.) In the labeling experiment conducted to locate the phoneme boundary, subjects identified the individual stimuli as |b| and |d|. In discrimination, difference and identity pairs were presented, with alternative responses of "same" and "different." This allows separate consideration of discrimination ("different"/Different) and recognition ("same"/Identity) hits, and also analysis of the data in accordance with the theory of signal detectibility. The sounds were discriminated with and without F 1 and F 3 which contained no discriminatory information, but are responsible for perceived similarity to speech. With F 1 F 3 , sensitivity (d') was highest at the |b-d| boundary, but without F 1 F 3 this was not true. Spectral analysis of the sounds both with and without F 1 F 3 revealed a phonemic energy discontinuity for the 1/3 octave around the F 2 steady-state frequency (1250 Hz). It therefore seems probable that subjects listened to frequencies which contained phonemic information when F 1 F 3 were included, but not when they were omitted. In spite of the high sensitivity at the |b-d| boundary, recognition hits ("same" /Identity) were lowest the boundary had to sound less like a difference to be called "different" than a pair away from the boundary.Indications, then, are quite strong that auditory-frequency selection helps the perception of speech, and it is clear that a strategy of criterion lowering helps it.