Oligonucleotide fingerprinting and RAPD analysis of Achillea species: Characterization and long-term monitoring of micropropagated clones.

Two different DNA fingerprinting techniques were applied to a set of Achillea samples (Asteraceae), comprising ten taxa of the medicinally important A. millefolium group and six related species. Field-grown as well as in vitro-micropropagated plants were individually screened for abundance and polymorphism of target sequences recognized by oligonucleotide fingerprinting with 13 different microsatellite-complementary probes. While most probes revealed a high level of intra- and interspecific variability, fingerprints proved to be somatically stable in vegetatively propagated plant material. Analysis of the same samples by polymerase chain reaction with arbitrary 10-mer primers yielded less polymorphic patterns. Because of its higher discriminatory ability, oligonucleotide fingerprinting offers itself as the method of choice for the identification and discrimination of A. asplenifolia and A. roseoalba clones, as well as for monitoring their stability during micropropagation.