Raffaella Romano1, Alessandro Bertolino2, Angelo Gigante2, Davide Martino2, Paolo Livrea2, Giovanni Defazio2. 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy. Electronic address: raffaella.romano@uniba.it. 2. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adult-onset primary dystonia is thought to be a purely motor disorder. Nevertheless, several studies provided evidence that sensory and psychiatric disturbances may contribute to the clinical spectrum of of dystonia, whereas evidence supporting cognitive impairment is still limited. METHODS: A set of neuropsychological tests was administered to non depressed, non demented patients with cranial-cervical dystonia and healthy control subjects. The test battery included n-Back Task, Wechsler Memory Scale, Trail Making Test version A and B, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. RESULTS: As compared with healthy control subjects of similar age, sex and socio-economic status, patients with cranial-cervical dystonia showed deficit on working memory functions revealed by n-Back task, impairment of mental control and visual reproduction subtests of Wechsler memory scale, deficit on information processing speed and set-shifting capacity revealed by Trail Making Test A and B. CONCLUSION: Patients with cranial-cervical dystonia may have impairment in specific cognitive domains relative to working memory, processing speed, visual motor ability and short term memory. Probably, these deficits are not dependent on the clinical expression of dystonia but might rather reflect the cortical and subcortical changes highlighted by functional and VBM imaging studies in patients with different forms of dystonia.
BACKGROUND: Adult-onset primary dystonia is thought to be a purely motor disorder. Nevertheless, several studies provided evidence that sensory and psychiatric disturbances may contribute to the clinical spectrum of of dystonia, whereas evidence supporting cognitive impairment is still limited. METHODS: A set of neuropsychological tests was administered to non depressed, non demented patients with cranial-cervical dystonia and healthy control subjects. The test battery included n-Back Task, Wechsler Memory Scale, Trail Making Test version A and B, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. RESULTS: As compared with healthy control subjects of similar age, sex and socio-economic status, patients with cranial-cervical dystonia showed deficit on working memory functions revealed by n-Back task, impairment of mental control and visual reproduction subtests of Wechsler memory scale, deficit on information processing speed and set-shifting capacity revealed by Trail Making Test A and B. CONCLUSION:Patients with cranial-cervical dystonia may have impairment in specific cognitive domains relative to working memory, processing speed, visual motor ability and short term memory. Probably, these deficits are not dependent on the clinical expression of dystonia but might rather reflect the cortical and subcortical changes highlighted by functional and VBM imaging studies in patients with different forms of dystonia.
Authors: Giovanni Defazio; M Esposito; G Abbruzzese; C L Scaglione; G Fabbrini; G Ferrazzano; S Peluso; R Pellicciari; A F Gigante; G Cossu; R Arca; L Avanzino; F Bono; M R Mazza; L Bertolasi; R Bacchin; R Eleopra; C Lettieri; F Morgante; M C Altavista; L Polidori; R Liguori; S Misceo; G Squintani; M Tinazzi; R Ceravolo; E Unti; L Magistrelli; M Coletti Moja; N Modugno; M Petracca; N Tambasco; M S Cotelli; M Aguggia; A Pisani; M Romano; M Zibetti; A R Bentivoglio; A Albanese; P Girlanda; A Berardelli Journal: Neurol Sci Date: 2017-02-18 Impact factor: 3.307
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