Minna Lahesmaa1, Janne Orava, Camilla Schalin-Jäntti, Minna Soinio, Jarna C Hannukainen, Tommi Noponen, Anna Kirjavainen, Hidehiro Iida, Nobuyuki Kudomi, Sven Enerbäck, Kirsi A Virtanen, Pirjo Nuutila. 1. Turku PET Centre (M.L., J.O., M.S., J.C.H., A.K., K.A.V., P.N.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Division of Endocrinology (C.S.-J.), Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Endocrinology (M.S., P.J.) and Department of Nuclear Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Investigative Radiology (H.I.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; Department of Medical Physics (N.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 760-0016, Japan; and Medical Genetics (S.E.), Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, 411 37 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Thyroid hormones are important regulators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and function. In rodents, BAT metabolism is up-regulated by thyroid hormones. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to investigate the impact of hyperthyroidism on BAT metabolism in humans. DESIGN: This was a follow-up study using positron emission tomography imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucose uptake (GU) and perfusion of BAT, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and thyroid gland were measured using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and [15O]H2O and positron emission tomography in 10 patients with overt hyperthyroidism and in 8 healthy participants. Five of the hyperthyroid patients were restudied after restoration of euthyroidism. Supraclavicular BAT was quantified with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and energy expenditure (EE) with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Compared with healthy participants, hyperthyroid participants had 3-fold higher BAT GU (2.7±2.3 vs 0.9±0.1 μmol/100 g/min, P=.0013), 90% higher skeletal muscle GU (P<.005), 45% higher EE (P<.005), and a 70% higher lipid oxidation rate (P=.001). These changes were reversible after restoration of euthyroidism. During hyperthyroidism, serum free T4 and free T3 were strongly associated with EE and lipid oxidation rates (P<.001). TSH correlated inversely with BAT and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism (P<.001). Hyperthyroidism had no effect on BAT perfusion, whereas it stimulated skeletal muscle perfusion (P=.04). Thyroid gland GU did not differ between hyperthyroid and euthyroid study subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthyroidism increases GU in BAT independently of BAT perfusion. Hyperthyroid patients are characterized by increased skeletal muscle metabolism and lipid oxidation rates.
CONTEXT: Thyroid hormones are important regulators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and function. In rodents, BAT metabolism is up-regulated by thyroid hormones. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to investigate the impact of hyperthyroidism on BAT metabolism in humans. DESIGN: This was a follow-up study using positron emission tomography imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucose uptake (GU) and perfusion of BAT, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and thyroid gland were measured using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and [15O]H2O and positron emission tomography in 10 patients with overt hyperthyroidism and in 8 healthy participants. Five of the hyperthyroidpatients were restudied after restoration of euthyroidism. Supraclavicular BAT was quantified with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and energy expenditure (EE) with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Compared with healthy participants, hyperthyroidparticipants had 3-fold higher BAT GU (2.7±2.3 vs 0.9±0.1 μmol/100 g/min, P=.0013), 90% higher skeletal muscle GU (P<.005), 45% higher EE (P<.005), and a 70% higher lipid oxidation rate (P=.001). These changes were reversible after restoration of euthyroidism. During hyperthyroidism, serum free T4 and free T3 were strongly associated with EE and lipid oxidation rates (P<.001). TSH correlated inversely with BAT and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism (P<.001). Hyperthyroidism had no effect on BAT perfusion, whereas it stimulated skeletal muscle perfusion (P=.04). Thyroid gland GU did not differ between hyperthyroid and euthyroid study subjects. CONCLUSIONS:Hyperthyroidism increases GU in BAT independently of BAT perfusion. Hyperthyroidpatients are characterized by increased skeletal muscle metabolism and lipid oxidation rates.
Authors: Stijn A Bos; Corey M Gill; Edgar L Martinez-Salazar; Martin Torriani; Miriam A Bredella Journal: Skeletal Radiol Date: 2018-09-13 Impact factor: 2.199
Authors: Prasanna Santhanam; Rexford S Ahima; Jennifer S Mammen; Luca Giovanella; Giorgio Treglia Journal: Endocrine Date: 2018-07-31 Impact factor: 3.633
Authors: S Rodovalho; B Rachid; J C De-Lima-Junior; S van de Sande-Lee; J Morari; H M Carvalho; B J Amorim; A J Tincani; E Chaim; J C Pareja; M J Saad; F Folli; C D Ramos; B Geloneze; L A Velloso Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-07-03 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Brittany Begaye; Paolo Piaggi; Marie S Thearle; Kaitlyn Haskie; Mary Walter; Mathias Schlögl; Susan Bonfiglio; Jonathan Krakoff; Karyne L Vinales Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2018-07-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Alina Gavrila; Per-Olof Hasselgren; Allison Glasgow; Ashley N Doyle; Alice J Lee; Peter Fox; Shiva Gautam; James V Hennessey; Gerald M Kolodny; Aaron M Cypess Journal: Thyroid Date: 2016-11-29 Impact factor: 6.568
Authors: Lihua Sun; Minna Lahesmaa; Sanna Laurila; Katharina Schnabl; Kirsi Laitinen; Riku Klén; Yongguo Li; Miroslav Balaz; Christian Wolfrum; Katja Steiger; Tarja Niemi; Markku Taittonen; Mueez U-Din; Tommi Välikangas; Laura L Elo; Olli Eskola; Anna K Kirjavainen; Lauri Nummenmaa; Kirsi A Virtanen; Martin Klingenspor; Pirjo Nuutila Journal: Nat Metab Date: 2021-06-21