BACKGROUND: The knee joint is the second most commonly injured body site after the ankle and the leading cause of sport-related surgeries. Knee injuries, especially of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are among the most economically costly sport injuries, frequently requiring expensive surgery and rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school athletes by sport and sex. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Using an Internet-based data-collection tool, Reporting Information Online (RIO), certified athletic trainers from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athlete-exposure and injury data for athletes from 9 sports during the 2007/08-2011/12 academic years. The outcome of interest in this study was ACL injuries. RESULTS: During the study period, 617 ACL injuries were reported during 9 452 180 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 6.5 per 100 000 AEs. Nationally, in the 9 sports studied, an estimated 215 628 ACL injuries occurred during the study period. The injury rate was higher in competition (17.6) than practice (2.4; rate ratio [RR] = 7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.08, 8.68). Girls' soccer had the highest injury rate (12.2) followed by boys' football (11.1), with boys' basketball (2.3) and boys' baseball (0.7) having the lowest rates. In sex-comparable sports, girls had a higher rate (8.9) than boys (2.6; RR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.64, 4.47). Overall, 76.6% of ACL injuries resulted in surgery. The most common mechanisms of injury were player-to-player contact (42.8%) and no contact (37.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates vary by sport, sex, and type of exposure. Recognizing such differences is important when evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts.
BACKGROUND: The knee joint is the second most commonly injured body site after the ankle and the leading cause of sport-related surgeries. Knee injuries, especially of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are among the most economically costly sport injuries, frequently requiring expensive surgery and rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school athletes by sport and sex. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Using an Internet-based data-collection tool, Reporting Information Online (RIO), certified athletic trainers from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athlete-exposure and injury data for athletes from 9 sports during the 2007/08-2011/12 academic years. The outcome of interest in this study was ACL injuries. RESULTS: During the study period, 617 ACL injuries were reported during 9 452 180 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 6.5 per 100 000 AEs. Nationally, in the 9 sports studied, an estimated 215 628 ACL injuries occurred during the study period. The injury rate was higher in competition (17.6) than practice (2.4; rate ratio [RR] = 7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.08, 8.68). Girls' soccer had the highest injury rate (12.2) followed by boys' football (11.1), with boys' basketball (2.3) and boys' baseball (0.7) having the lowest rates. In sex-comparable sports, girls had a higher rate (8.9) than boys (2.6; RR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.64, 4.47). Overall, 76.6% of ACL injuries resulted in surgery. The most common mechanisms of injury were player-to-player contact (42.8%) and no contact (37.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates vary by sport, sex, and type of exposure. Recognizing such differences is important when evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts.
Authors: Sandra J Shultz; Randy J Schmitz; Anh-Dung Nguyen; Ajit M Chaudhari; Darin A Padua; Scott G McLean; Susan M Sigward Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2010 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Sandra J Shultz; Randy J Schmitz; Anne Benjaminse; Malcolm Collins; Kevin Ford; Anthony S Kulas Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2015-09-04 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Gregory D Myer; Robert S Heidt; Chad Waits; Samuel Finck; Denver Stanfield; Michael Posthumus; Timothy E Hewett Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2014-01-09 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Stephan G Bodkin; Brian C Werner; Lindsay V Slater; Joseph M Hart Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2019-03-18 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Daniel R Clifton; Jay Hertel; James A Onate; Dustin W Currie; Lauren A Pierpoint; Erin B Wasserman; Sarah B Knowles; Thomas P Dompier; R Dawn Comstock; Stephen W Marshall; Zachary Y Kerr Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2018-11 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Daniel R Clifton; James A Onate; Jay Hertel; Lauren A Pierpoint; Dustin W Currie; Erin B Wasserman; Sarah B Knowles; Thomas P Dompier; Stephen W Marshall; R Dawn Comstock; Zachary Y Kerr Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2018-11 Impact factor: 2.860