Palliative care physicians' practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning in palliative care units in Japan: a nationwide survey.

To clarify physicians' practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning (ACP) in palliative care units (PCUs) in Japan, we conducted a self-completed questionnaire survey of 203 certificated PCUs in 2010. Ninety-nine physicians participated in the survey. Although most Japanese palliative care physicians recognized the importance of ACP, many failed to implement aspects of patient-directed ACP that they acknowledged to be important, such as recommending completion of advance directives (ADs), designation of health care proxies, and implementing existing ADs. The physicians' general preference for family-centered decision making and their feelings of difficulty and low confidence regarding ACP most likely underlie these results. The discrepancy between physicians' practices and their recognition of the importance of ACP suggests an opportunity to improve end-of-life care.