Tao Xu1, Suhang Wang, Zhengzhong Shao. 1. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The structure-function relationship and mechanism of polycations as gene carriers have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. The present study was to investigate the relationship between polycation chain length and transfection efficiency (RCL-TE), and the corresponding mechanism by O-methyl-free N,N,N-trimethyl chitosans (TMCs) as gene carriers. METHODS: Four TMCs with various chain lengths were synthesized and used to evaluate the RCL-TE. To investigate the details of RCL-TE, a number of factors such as cytotoxicity, cellular uptake efficiency, cellular uptake pathway and intracellular trafficking, were evaluated. RESULTS: In comparison to short chain length TMCs (S-TMCs), long chain length ones (L-TMCs) mediated higher gene expression. The polyplexes formed by L-TMCs and pDNA showed higher stability. The cellular uptake pathway and intracellular trafficking of these TMC/pDNA polyplexes were different. These above factors are probably the key ones in RCL-TE rather than polycation-DNA binding affinity, polyplex particle size in water, zeta potential, serum, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: For rational design of chitosan-based polycations as gene carriers, polycations with relative long chain lengths are more favorable and more attention should be paid to polyplex stability, function of uncomplexed polycation chains, cellular uptake pathway, and intracellular trafficking.
PURPOSE: The structure-function relationship and mechanism of polycations as gene carriers have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. The present study was to investigate the relationship between polycation chain length and transfection efficiency (RCL-TE), and the corresponding mechanism by O-methyl-free N,N,N-trimethyl chitosans (TMCs) as gene carriers. METHODS: Four TMCs with various chain lengths were synthesized and used to evaluate the RCL-TE. To investigate the details of RCL-TE, a number of factors such as cytotoxicity, cellular uptake efficiency, cellular uptake pathway and intracellular trafficking, were evaluated. RESULTS: In comparison to short chain length TMCs (S-TMCs), long chain length ones (L-TMCs) mediated higher gene expression. The polyplexes formed by L-TMCs and pDNA showed higher stability. The cellular uptake pathway and intracellular trafficking of these TMC/pDNA polyplexes were different. These above factors are probably the key ones in RCL-TE rather than polycation-DNA binding affinity, polyplex particle size in water, zeta potential, serum, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: For rational design of chitosan-based polycations as gene carriers, polycations with relative long chain lengths are more favorable and more attention should be paid to polyplex stability, function of uncomplexed polycation chains, cellular uptake pathway, and intracellular trafficking.
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